The invention provides a method and device for rapidly obtaining tunable spectral images and a storage medium, and the method comprises the following steps: 1, receiving a spectral band list instruction issued by an upper computer, the spectral band list instruction being spectral images of which spectral bands need to be obtained; step 2, automatically issuing a spectrum switching instruction to the tuner, and controlling the CMOS Sensor to perform exposure imaging after spectrum switching succeeds; step 3, receiving image data sent by the CMOS Sensor after imaging; step 4, sending the image data to an upper computer; and 5, starting to collect the spectral image of the next spectral band, and repeating the steps 2 to 4. In the control process, the photographing time can be shortened, and the photographing efficiency can be improved. And the number of times of control instruction interaction between the upper computer and the lower computer is reduced. The upper computer only needs to continuously and quickly acquire the spectral images sent by the lower computer after issuing the wave band list, so that the problem that the spectral images are lost due to the fact that the images are not acquired in time is avoided.