The invention discloses a rapid drainage device for the intensive care medicine department, and relates to the technical field of medical instruments. The rapid drainage device comprises a cabinet body and a drainage tube, one end of the drainage tube is connected with the cabinet body, a dirt collecting tank and a water storage tank are arranged in the cabinet body, a partition plate is connectedbetween the dirt collecting tank and the water storage tank, a negative pressure pump is installed in the dirt collecting tank, a discharging end of the drainage tube is connected with the negative pressure pump, a booster pump is installed in the water storage tank, a flow guide tube is further arranged in the water storage tank, a feeding end of the flow guide tube is connected with the boosterpump, a discharging end of the flow guide tube penetrates through the partition plate, the discharging end of the flow guide tube is connected with the drainage tube, the inner surface of a side plate of the cabinet body is of a hollow structure, a cavity is formed in the hollow structure of the inner surface of the side plate of the cabinet body, and a baffle is installed in the cavity. The interior of the cabinet body is divided into two independent spaces through the partition plate, two cleaning modes exist in the using process of the rapid drainage device, or the interior of the dirt collecting tank is cleaned through an interflow tube needle, or the drainage tube is cleaned through a flow guide tube needle, and the selectivity is higher.