The invention discloses a method for packing data, a method for unpacking the data, a coder and a decoder. The method for packing the data includes the steps that the column-level data to be packed are determined; a target static dictionary list corresponding to the column-level data is obtained; the column-level data serve as data flow, the target static dictionary list serves as a coding dictionary, and the column-level data are packed; after the packing, the target static dictionary list is stored independently, so that the target static dictionary list is used for packing other column-level data conveniently. According to the method for packing the data, the method for unpacking the data, the coder and the decoder, due to the fact that the static dictionary list is separated from the data to be stored, the situation that for each time of packing, the dictionary list needs to be rebuilt is avoided, different packed objects can share the dictionary list, so that the column packing is achieved, the ratio of packing can be improved, and operation performance is promoted.