The invention discloses an endoluminal surgery pressure monitoring system which comprises a pressure measuring optical fiber and a pressure monitor. The first end, extending into a cavity, of the pressure measuring optical fiber is provided with a pressure sensor, and the second end of the pressure measuring optical fiber is connected to the pressure monitor. The pressure sensor is used for measuring the pressure parameter in the cavity and transmitting the pressure parameter to the pressure monitor to be displayed and analyzed, the pressure parameter in a kidney can be obtained through observation visually and conveniently. The pressure sensor extends into the specified position in the cavity to be monitored, and the accuracy is high. According to an endoluminal surgery pressure adjusting system and method, on the basis of the endoluminal surgery pressure monitoring system, a peristaltic pump connected with a pressure controller is additionally arranged, the monitored pressure is compared with the maximum pressure set on the pressure monitor, opening and closing of the peristaltic pump are controlled according to an analysis and comparison result, so that liquid is poured into or discharged out of the peristaltic pump, pressure in the cavity is kept relatively constant in the endoscopic surgery process, and safe conduction of the surgery can be better achieved.