The invention discloses a jet vane and an air vane linkage mechanism of an aircraft. The linkage mechanism comprises a combustion chamber, an exhaust pipe, an exhaust pipe cover, a ball screw drive mechanism, a jet vane deflection mechanism and an air vane deflection mechanism, a servo motor rotor is connected with a lead screw through a coupling, the lead screw drives a lead screw nut to conduct linear motion in a rotary mode, so that an actuating rod and a piston actuator controls the jet vane and the air vane to conduct linkage deflection, and the deflection angles close to the same; and a motor fixing frame and a screw support frame are overlapped and fixed through the arc surface and the inner surface of the exhaust pipe cover, and the lead screw nut and the air vane are cooperatively transmitted through a cylinder bore piston structure. According to the jet vane and the air vane linkage mechanism of the aircraft, the structure is simple, mechanical transmission is stable, vane pieces are of cross-shaped layout, a steering engine can control the vane pieces to deflect flexibly, the jet vane and the air vane conduct linkage deflection, the efficiency of aircraft handling is improved greatly, four independent groups of the jet vanes and the air vanes are in linkage so that the flight attitude of the aircraft can be adjusted quickly, and the mobility of the aircraft can be improved greatly.