The invention provides a method for improving the survival rate of young seedlings of sugarcane seedlings. The method comprises the steps that seeds are sowed in nursery boxes in a greenhouse, when the young seedlings of the sugarcane seedlings germinate and grow to 8 mm-12 mm in height, film and gauze are lifted up every morning, if the water content of the matrix volume is lower than 27%, watering is conducted, and the water content of the matrix volume is controlled to range from 25% to 30%; a shading net on the greenhouse is opened, the air humidity in the nursery boxes is controlled to be not more than 80% by utilizing sunlight illumination; the matrix humidity is observed every afternoon, and when the water content of the matrix volume is lower than 27%, the gauze and the shading net on the upper layer of the greenhouse are put on the nursery boxes and the greenhouse respectively; the temperature of the matrix is kept to range from 22 DEG C to 36 DEG C at night till rhizome bases of the young seedlings grow to be green from a transparent color. According to the method for improving the survival rate of the young seedlings of the sugarcane seedlings, when the young seedlings of the sugarcane seedlings grow to the phase prone to infringing of germs, by means of covering and opening of the gauze, the film and the shading net, water spray and illumination are combined, the temperature of the nursery boxes and the seedling matrix are strictly controlled, the occurrences of seedling burnt, dry seedling and diseases are prevented, and the survival rate of the young seedlings is improved.