The invention discloses a large-size workpiece movement measurement robot system and method. The system and method are based on a target tracking system, and depends on a mobile device, and a visual measurement system and a three-dimensional target which are carried by a robot, and a global control means is created, thereby enabling the target tracking system, the visual measurement system and thethree-dimensional target to be combined, removing the tedious step of pasting a target in a conventional visual measurement system, avoiding an error caused by the target matching and the impact on ameasurement error from the robot, and achieving the automation of high-precision measurement. The coordinate system of the target tracking system is the world coordinate system, and the point cloud data measured by the visual measurement system is unified in the world coordinate system. The calibration precision plays a key role in a final measurement result. Before measurement, the motion planning of the large-size workpiece movement measurement system and the calibration of a measurement system need to be completed, so as to achieve the automatic measurement of the large-size workpiece movement measurement robot system.