The invention is based on a machine vision early warning system and method for driving in fog and missing road signs, and belongs to the technical field of intelligent vehicle safety assisted driving. The present invention constructs a real-time road sign recognition early warning strategy by means of a road traffic sign recognition classifier, a road traffic sign character classification recognition neuron network classifier, a driver fatigue pattern classifier, a fog-free image classifier, and an image defogging model . According to the driver's gaze trajectory, blink frequency, and PERCLOS value, if it is judged that the driver is fatigued or misses traffic sign information due to performing secondary tasks during driving, the car speaker will issue a sound warning of real-time sign information and display it on the car display. Display the warning sign information, and if it is judged to be foggy, it will also provide the driver with visual and auditory warnings, so that the driver can obtain road traffic sign information and driving safety warnings under the conditions of foggy weather and drivers missing road signs .