The invention discloses a taxpayer tax evasion suspicion group detection method based on a multi-stage MapReduce model. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, proposing a method of constructing a taxpayer benefit association network based on a color-patch map through multi-network integration; secondly, proposing a reduction method of the taxpayer benefit association network based on strongly connected components; thirdly, introducing a concept of a benefit antecedent network, and finding all maximal weakly-connected sub-graphs in the benefit antecedent network; and lastly, constructing a pattern tree for the maximal weakly-connected sub-graphs and corresponding trade edges thereof through the multi-stage MapReduce model, traversing the pattern tree to generate a pattern library, matching patterns in the pattern library pairwise, finding all pattern pairs conforming to a matching principle, and finally generating all taxpayer evasion suspicion groups. Distributed calculation is adopted in the multi-stage MapReduce model, so that the suspicion tax evasion analysis efficiency of national tax departments can be increased greatly, and the national tax loss is recovered.