The invention provides a fish growth data measurement device based on machine vision, and the device comprises a tray, an input apparatus, a weighing sensor, a controller and a camera. The weighing sensor is mounted on the tray, and the camera is arranged corresponding to the tray and the scale of the tray. The input device, the camera, and the weighing sensor are connected with the controller, and the controller sends a received shooting instruction to the camera, calculates the body length, the body width, the body circumference and the body area of a fish according to a fish body image anda scale image, sends the received weighing instruction to the weighing sensor, and receives the body weight of the fish. The camera captures the images of the fish body on the tray and the scale of the tray according to the shooting instruction, and obtains the fish body image and the scale image and then sends the images to the controller. The weighing sensor weighs the fish body according to theweighing instruction, obtains the weight of the fish body and sends the weight of the fish body to the controller. The device based on the machine vision measures the data of the fish body, is smallin time consumption, is small in fish body pressure, is small in damage risk, is small in impact on the feeding rate, and is accurate in measurement.