The invention relates to a structure characteristic-based character recognition method. In order to solve defects in the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention comprises the following steps: 1, a serial number area is positioned on an RMB gray scale image, a gray scale image for the serial number is acquired, and tilt correction is carried out; 2, pretreatment is carried out on the gray scale image after tilt correction, a binarization threshold is determined according to a brightness histogram of a target image, binarization processing is carried out on the target image, and a binarization image is acquired; 3, connected component labeling is carried out on the binarization image, and a binarization image of a single character is extracted according to a labeling result; and 4, finally, according to character structure features, the binarization image of the single character is recognized.