The invention discloses a sleeper positioning and counting method using linear array image binarized area projection, and belongs to the technical field of track inspection, comprising: taking imagesof the track surface by a linear array scanning imaging system, selecting the detection area containing only the sleepers in the track image, binarizing the detection area, removing the interference area with smaller area in the binarized image to obtain binarized area images, projecting the binarized area images, binarizing the line projection curves, extracting the coordinates of the left and right sides of the square waves of the binarized line projection curves to realize the positioning for the sleepers, and calculating the number of sleepers according to the number of square waves of thebinarized line projection curves. The sleeper counting method provided by the invention has good anti-interference ability and robustness, may be used for mileage calculation based on sleeper counting, and provides mileage positioning information for the track inspection system.