The invention discloses a root key construction device for a root pouring pile. A hydraulic cylinder is fixed to the position above the center of a base plate. The end portion of a hydraulic rod of the hydraulic cylinder downwards stretches out towards the base plate. A plurality of vertical push rods are evenly distributed on the part, around the hydraulic cylinder, of the base plate. The hydraulic rod is connected with the vertical push rods through a connecting rod mechanism, the vertical push rods move in the radial direction of the base plate, the positions, corresponding to the vertical push rods, of the edge of the upper surface of the base plate are provided with root key limiting devices, and the root key axis points at the axis of the base plate through the root key limiting devices and moves in the radial direction of the base plate. The positions, corresponding to the root key limiting devices, of the bottom of the base plate are rotationally connected with transmission gears, the transmission gears are in transmission connection with respective drive motors, and the transmission gears are in engaged transmission with vertical racks at the tail ends of root keys inserted in the side wall of a pile pit. It can be known from the above structure, the root key construction device for the root pouring pile can construct all root keys on one layer at the same time, automatic ascending in the pile pit can be achieved without the aid of external force so that construction of all the root keys in the pile pit can be finished, and the root key construction efficiency is improved.