The invention provides a solar wing unfolding and locking mechanism based on spring drive. The mechanism comprises torsion springs, end rotating bases, middle rotating bases, torsion spring limiting bases, torsion spring compacting bases, torsion spring compacting cover plates, aramid wires, special adhesive tapes and locking mechanisms, wherein the end rotating bases are positioned at the upper and lower ends of a solar wing, are bilaterally matched through double folded solar wings, are provided with unfolding axes and binding points, and simultaneously serve as mounting planes of the locking mechanisms; the middle rotating bases are positioned at the middle part of the solar wing, are bilaterally matched through the double folded solar wings, and are provided with unfolding axes and binding points; the torsion spring compacting bases are fixed planes of straight segments at the ends of the torsion springs, and the torsion springs are compacted through the troughs of the torsion spring compacting cover plates; the torsion spring limiting bases are distributed on the double folded solar wings in a staggered mode to complete limiting of the torsion springs in a rotating process; and the driving moment obtained when the solar wing is unfolded is supplied by the potential energy obtained when the torsion springs are subjected to torsion, the solar wing is locked by the locking mechanisms after being unfolded in place, and limiting between wings and rigidity retention are realized through the aramid wires and the special adhesive tapes.