The invention relates to a reversing reciprocating screw pumping unit and a usage method thereof. According to the technical scheme, a rack assembly is arranged on a base assembly, a reversing gear assembly is arranged in the rack assembly, the reversing gear assembly comprises a rolling body, a pin roll, a sliding sleeve and a reciprocating screw, wherein the reciprocating screw is connected with a motor reduction gear assembly, and the motor reduction gear assembly drives the reciprocating screw to rotate in the same direction continuously; the reciprocating screw is provided with spiral grooves; the sliding sleeve is movably connected with the reciprocating screw through the pin roll; the rolling body rolls in the spiral grooves of the reciprocating screw; power is transmitted between the sliding sleeve and the reciprocating screw through the rolling body and the pin roll; the sliding sleeve is fixedly connected with a weight box assembly. The reversing reciprocating screw pumping unit and the usage method thereof have the advantages that the reversing of a pumping unit is achieved by the adoption of a reciprocating screw sliding sleeve transmission pair, the structure is compact, and the mechanism is simple; the movement is smooth and steady, and the braking is reliable; a motor reversing is omitted, the efficiency is high, and the noise is low; accident potential of weight box falling is omitted.