The invention belongs to the field of synthetic leather, and provides carbon fiber modified non-solvent polyurethane surface layer resin for sports shoe leather. The resin is formed by mixing a component A and a component B according to mass percent being 2:1 to 1:2, wherein the component A comprises 5 to 15 parts of aliphatic diisocyanate, 50 to 60 parts of low polymer dihydric alcohol, 10 to 20 parts of organosilicone polyhydric alcohol, 3 to 10 parts of micromolecule dihydric alcohol, 0.5 to 5 parts of micromolecule trihydric alcohol, 0.1 to 1.5 parts of a catalyst, 0.5 to 2.5 parts of a light/heat stabilizer, 0.02 to 0.5 part of a flatting agent, 0.01 to 0.2 part of a defoamer, 0.1 to 0.5 part of a dehydrator, and 0.5 to 5.0 parts of carbon fiber; the component B comprises 40 to 50 parts of aliphatic diisocyanate, 0 to 10 parts of triisocyanate, 35 to 50 parts of polytetrahydrofuran dihydric alcohol, 0.5 to 5 parts of micromolecule dihydric alcohol, 0 to 2 parts of micromolecule trihydric alcohol, and 0.5 to 1.0 part of a light/heat stabilizer. The invention further provides a preparation method and application of the resin. The tangential breaking strength of carbon fiber modified resin coating can reach 130kN/m or above; for non-solvent sports shoe leather prepared through the method, the peeling strength can reach 90N/3 cm or above and the hydrolysis resistance can reach 10 weeks or above.