The invention provides an intelligent pest situation monitoring method and an intelligent pest situation monitoring device, and relates to the technical field of pest situation monitoring. The intelligent pest situation monitoring method includes the steps of capturing pests, collecting pest images, transmitting the pest images, processing the pest images and establishing a pest warning model. Thepests are captured by traps, the pest bodies are photographed by cameras to obtain pest body images, the pest body images are transferred to an image processing module of a pest situation observationand prediction device for identification, statistics and analysis. The intelligent pest situation monitoring method can accurately grasp the species, number and growth status of the pests, can effectively cope with and control the pests, has a high degree of automation and a high degree of intelligence, integrates pest monitoring and controlling into one, and has a good pest control effect. The invention also provides the intelligent pest situation monitoring device. The device comprises a box, the cameras, an electric brush, a controller, the image processing module and the traps, the monitoring is timely and effective, and the identification result is accurate.