The invention discloses a rapid image splicing method based on wide-angle lenses. The method includes the steps that firstly, distortion correction is conducted on images acquired through the wide-angle lenses; secondly, cylindrical surface mapping is conducted on the images on which distortion correction is conducted, and a two-dimensional discrete coordinate mapping table is generated for each wide-angle lens; thirdly, the two-dimensional discrete coordinate mapping table of each wide-angle lens is loaded, and distortion correction and cylindrical surface mapping are sequentially conducted on the distortion images acquired through the wide-angle lenses according to the tables; fourthly, translation parameters between adjacent visual angle images on which cylindrical surface mapping is conducted are acquired, and the adjacent visual angle images are registered; fifthly, the registered adjacent visual angle images are fused, wherein Laplacian pyramids are established for registered adjacent visual angle image sequences respectively, linear fusion is conducted on a high-frequency pyramid image overlaying region and a low-frequency pyramid image overlaying region, and then a fused image of the adjacent visual angle images is obtained. The method has the advantages of being high in splicing speed and real-time performance.