The invention discloses a chronic disease condition change event prediction device based on a recurrent neural network, and the device comprises a memory, a processor, and a computer program, a preprocessing module and a chronic disease condition change event prediction model are stored in the memory, and the prediction model comprises a preprocessing module, a condition feature extraction module,and a classification module. When the processor executes a computer program, the following steps are realized: receiving long-term longitudinal data generated by multiple hospitalization of a patient, performing data preprocessing on the number by the preprocessing module, and reconstructing the data of each hospitalization into a feature vector as a to-be-tested data set; Taking the to-be-detected data set as input, extracting disease characteristics by a disease characteristic extraction module, and inputting the disease characteristics into a classification module; And enabling the classification module to output the prediction probability of various events indicating that the illness state changes. The prediction device can predict the event that the chronic disease patient has markeddisease condition change in the target time window, thereby assisting the doctor to formulate reasonable diagnosis and treatment measures and reducing the medical expenditure.