The invention discloses an electric wheel dumper engine compartment heat preservation device and a control method, and belongs to the technical field of electric vehicles, the electric wheel dumper engine compartment heat preservation device comprises control assemblies and two sets of heat dissipation covers, and the two sets of heat dissipation covers are arranged on the left side wall and the right side wall of an engine compartment respectively and controlled by one set of control assemblies respectively; the control
assembly comprises a direct-current motor, an electric-hydraulic pusher, a rotating frame, an L-shaped rod, a connecting piece and a
control rod, the direct-current motor is installed at the top end of the engine compartment, the electric-hydraulic pusher is driven by the direct-current motor, the L-shaped rod is rotatably installed on the rotating frame, one end of the L-shaped rod is connected with the
control rod through the connecting piece, and the other end of the L-shaped rod is hinged to a
piston rod of the electric-hydraulic pusher; the
control rod is connected with the heat dissipation cover and used for controlling the opening and closing degree of the heat dissipation cover. A combined structure of a
direct current motor and an electric-hydraulic pusher is adopted as a core
power component to drive opening and closing actions of the engine heat dissipation cover, opening adjustment of the heat dissipation cover can be accurately controlled, and heat dissipation requirements in different directions can be met through respective control of the left heat dissipation cover and the right heat dissipation cover.