The invention discloses an automatic labeling and vacuum blood collection tube distributing device, which comprises a rack, a blood collection tube placement frame, a blood collection tube placement frame Y-direction linear movement device, a blood collection tube capturing claw, a blood collection tube capturing claw X-direction linear movement device, a blood collection tube capturing claw Z-direction linear movement device, a labeling device and a blood collection tube distributing box. The device has the technical effects that by the device and a method, the types or model numbers of vacuum blood collection tubes are automatically screened and identified, labels with specified contents are automatically stuck to tube walls of the vacuum blood collection tubes, and then the vacuum blood collection tubes are distributed to specified positions; therefore, the blood collection tube distributing accuracy is improved, and the technical problem of low distributing efficiency after manual labeling is solved.