30results about How to "Average permeability" patented technology

A well treatment fluid composition that comprises a carrier fluid and an amphoteric surfactant, and optionally a viscosifying agent and proppant, is well suited for use in fracturing coal beds to stimulate methane production. The composition preferably is a foam that comprises a gas such as nitrogen or air. Preferably, the surfactant has the formula

R—NH₂—(CH₂)_n—C(O)OX

wherein R is a saturated or unsaturated alkyl group having from 6-20 carbon atoms, n is from 2-6, and X is hydrogen or a salt forming cation.

The present invention discloses an approach for making mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) and methods for using these membranes. These MMMs contain a continuous polymer matrix and dispersed microporous molecular sieve particles. In particular, the present invention is directed to make asymmetric thin-film composite MMMs by coating a thin layer of molecular sieve/polymer mixed matrix solution on top of a porous support substrate followed by controlling the formation of a thin dense selective mixed matrix layer equal or larger in thickness than any of said molecular sieve particles. The MMMs of the present invention are suitable for a variety of liquid, gas, and vapor separations. The MMMs of the present invention have at least 20% increase in selectivity for these separations compared to the polymer membranes prepared from their corresponding continuous polymer matrices.

The present invention discloses high performance UV cross-linked polymer functionalized molecular sieve/polymer mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) with either no macrovoids or voids of less than several angstroms at the interface of the polymer matrix and the molecular sieves. These UV cross-linked MMMs were prepared by incorporating polyethersulfone (PES) functionalized molecular sieves such as AlPO-14 and UZM-25 small pore microporous molecular sieves into a continuous UV cross-linkable polyimide polymer matrix followed by UV cross-linking. The UV cross-linked MMMs in the form of symmetric dense film, asymmetric flat sheet membrane, or asymmetric hollow fiber membranes have good flexibility, high mechanical strength, and exhibit significantly enhanced selectivity and permeability over polymer membranes made from corresponding continuous polyimide polymer matrices for carbon dioxide/methane and hydrogen/methane separations. The MMMs of the present invention are suitable for a variety of liquid, gas, and vapor separations.

The present invention discloses a method for making mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) and methods for using these membranes. These MMMs contain a continuous polymer matrix and dispersed microporous molecular sieve particles. This invention also pertains to control the thickness of the thin dense selective mixed matrix layer equal to or greater than the particle size of the largest molecular sieve particles for making large scale asymmetric MMMs. In particular, the invention is directed to make asymmetric hollow fiber MMM by a phase inversion technique. The MMMs of the present invention exhibit at least 20% increase in selectivity compared to the polymer membranes prepared from their corresponding continuous polymer matrices. The MMMs of the present invention are suitable for a variety of liquid, gas, and vapor separations.

The present invention discloses mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) comprising a polymer matrix and molecular sieve particles and methods for making and using these membranes. The molecular sieve particles contain micropores or mesopores and exhibit a thin plate morphology with high aspect ratio and the plate thickness no more than 300 nm. This invention also pertains to controlling the alignment of the thin plate molecular sieve particles in the continuous polymer matrix of the thin dense selective layer of the asymmetric mixed matrix membranes. These MMMs exhibited much higher selectivity improvement than those comprising molecular sieve particles with other kinds of morphology for gas separations such as CO₂/CH₄ and H₂/CH₄ separations. The thin plate morphology of molecular sieves is beneficial to make high performance mixed matrix membranes. The MMMs are suitable for a variety of liquid, gas, and vapor separations

The present invention discloses methods of separating gases using high performance UV cross-linked polymer functionalized molecular sieve/polymer mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) with either no macrovoids or voids of less than several angstroms at the interface of the polymer matrix and the molecular sieves. These UV cross-linked MMMs were prepared by incorporating polyethersulfone (PES) functionalized molecular sieves such as AIPO-14 and UZM-25 small pore microporous molecular sieves into a continuous UV cross-linkable polyimide polymer matrix followed by UV cross-linking. The UV cross-linked MMMs in the form of symmetric dense film, asymmetric flat sheet membrane, or asymmetric hollow fiber membranes have good flexibility, high mechanical strength, and exhibit significantly enhanced selectivity and permeability over polymer membranes made from corresponding continuous polyimide polymer matrices for carbon dioxide/methane and hydrogen/methane separations. The MMMs of the present invention are suitable for a variety of liquid, gas, and vapor separations.

An ostomy device is provided including an ostomy pouch having an entrance opening, a body attachment wafer having a through-going opening and a coupling layer, which couples the pouch to the body attachment wafer and has a central opening therein. The body attachment wafer includes a plastic film, which is coated with a layer of skin friendly adhesive on the side thereof distal to the ostomy pouch. The coupling layer is affixed to the body attachment wafer along an attachment line extending around the central opening in the coupling layer, the attachment line being distanced from the central opening in the coupling layer. The region around the entrance opening of the pouch is affixed to the coupling layer in a landing zone located between the attachment line and the opening in the body attachment wafer.

The present invention discloses an approach for making mixed matrix membranes (MMMS) and methods for using these membranes. These MMMs contain a continuous polymer matrix and dispersed microporous molecular sieve particles. This invention also pertains to control of the thickness of the thin dense selective mixed matrix membrane layer that is equal to or greater than the particle size of the largest molecular sieve particles for making large scale asymmetric MMMs. In particular, the invention is directed to making asymmetric flat sheet MMM by a phase inversion technique. The MMMs of the present invention exhibit at least 20% increase in selectivity compared to the polymer membranes prepared from their corresponding continuous polymer matrices. The MMMs of the present invention are suitable for a variety of liquid, gas, and vapor separations.

Disclosed is a method of coating a textile with aqueous urethane textile having excellent water proofness and moisture permeability, wherein aqueous urethane coating agent prepared by employing a water dispersed polyurethane resin mixture and a thickener is applied to textile fabric, the coated fabric is heat dried, and then is hardened. Accordingly, the fiber product according to the present invention is very eco-friendly product, satisfies strict standard for an advance country since formalin is not detected, and in addition, has high functionality such as water proofness, moisture permeability and cleaning durability.

An aqueous urethane resin dispersion for bonding can be used in wet lamination and dry lamination and can be reactivated easily at a low temperature of about 50 to 70° C. after drying, and is also superior in coatability, adhesive strength, and heat resistance. The aqueous dispersion of a polyurethane resin is superior in contact adhesiveness immediately after lamination and also has good permeability and good coatability not only on bases having smooth surfaces such as plastics and metals, but also on porous bases such as fibers, papers, and buffed leathers; an aqueous adhesive using the aqueous dispersion; and an article to which it is applied. The aqueous polyurethane resin dispersion has at least one of a sulfonate group and a carboxylate group, wherein an average particle diameter of the polyurethane resin is 0.05 to 0.30 μm and a surface tension of the aqueous dispersion (A) is 40 mN/m or less.

This invention makes public a kind of changeable imitation fur and linen face fabric weaved together from warp and weft yarns. The warp yarn uses mixed spun yarn with bamboo fiber and fine polyester as raw materials. The weft yarn uses mixed spun multiple color changeable yarn with allotropic and anisotropic polyester and adhesives as raw materials. The processing technique of this changeable imitation fur and linen is also made public. This invention features soft tactility, abrasion resistance, good drapability, air permeability, flexibility, anti-static and anti-bacterial ability.

A visible light characteristic changing layer formed from photosensitive or heat-sensitive material is formed in a location which can be viewed from a part of a label surface of an optical disk. The optical disk is set on a turntable of an optical disk unit while the label surface of the optical disk is directed downward. The optical disk and an optical pickup are moved mutually along the plane of the optical disk. In synchronism with the relative movement, the power of a laser beam output from the optical pickup is modulated in accordance with image data, such as characters or graphic images to be printed, and the laser beam is emitted onto the visible light characteristic changing layer. As a result of the visible light characteristic changing layer being exposed to the laser beam, a visible-light reflectivity of the visible light characteristic changing layer is changed, thereby forming a image corresponding to the image data on the label surface.

A visible light characteristic changing layer formed from photosensitive or heat-sensitive material is formed in a location which can be viewed from a part of a label surface of an optical disk. The optical disk is set on a turntable of an optical disk unit while the label surface of the optical disk is directed downward. The optical disk and an optical pickup are moved mutually along the plane of the optical disk. In synchronism with the relative movement, the power of a laser beam output from the optical pickup is modulated in accordance with image data, such as characters or graphic images to be printed, and the laser beam is emitted onto the visible light characteristic changing layer. As a result of the visible light characteristic changing layer being exposed to the laser beam, a visible-light reflectivity of the visible light characteristic changing layer is changed, thereby forming a image corresponding to the image data on the label surface.

A visible light characteristic changing layer formed from photosensitive or heat-sensitive material is formed in a location which can be viewed from a part of a label surface of an optical disk. The optical disk is set on a turntable of an optical disk unit while the label surface of the optical disk is directed downward. The optical disk and an optical pickup are moved mutually along the plane of the optical disk. In synchronism with the relative movement, the power of a laser beam output from the optical pickup is modulated in accordance with image data, such as characters or graphic images to be printed, and the laser beam is emitted onto the visible light characteristic changing layer. As a result of the visible light characteristic changing layer being exposed to the laser beam, a visible-light reflectivity of the visible light characteristic changing layer is changed, thereby forming a image corresponding to the image data on the label surface.

A gas separation membrane has a gas separation layer containing a crosslinked cellulose resin. The crosslinked cellulose resin has a particular linking structure in a crosslinked structure. The gas separation layer contains an organic solvent in a particular amount.

A visible light characteristic changing layer formed from photosensitive or heat-sensitive material is formed in a location which can be viewed from a part of a label surface of an optical disk. The optical disk is set on a turntable of an optical disk unit while the label surface of the optical disk is directed downward. The optical disk and an optical pickup are moved mutually along the plane of the optical disk. In synchronism with the relative movement, the power of a laser beam output from the optical pickup is modulated in accordance with image data, such as characters or graphic images to be printed, and the laser beam is emitted onto the visible light characteristic changing layer. As a result of the visible light characteristic changing layer being exposed to the laser beam, a visible-light reflectivity of the visible light characteristic changing layer is changed, thereby forming a image corresponding to the image data on the label surface.

The object of the invention is to provide a papermaking felt which can be easily engaged in a papermaking machine, wherein the work time for engaging the felt is short, the initial warming-up period until reaching the highest papermaking speed is short, and the felt life is long.

This object is achieved by integrating and attaching by dispersion in the batt layer of the felt a polymeric elastomer having high deformability when pressure is applied and good recoverability after pressure is applied.

When said polymeric elastomer is in the form of a film and when measured at a room temperature of 20° C. and a relative humidity of 65%, the 100% modulus value of the film is 1 to 100 kg/cm², the residual strain after 100% elongation is 30% or less, and the attached amount of polymeric elastomers is 0.5 to 20 wt. % of the papermaking press felt weight. Examples of materials include polyurethane elastomers, polyethylene elastomers, styrene-butadiene rubber, silicone rubber, or the like.

The invention discloses a method and device for measuring the permeability of a dense rock sample and belongs to the technical field of oil-gas exploration and development. The method comprises the steps that the upstream pressure p<in> is obtained, and the upstream pressure p<in> refers to the pressure of the inlet end of a core holder; the corresponding relation between the downstream pressure p<t> and the time t is obtained, wherein the downstream pressure p<t> refers to the pressure of a downstream gas container at the moment of t; the real-time pseudo-pressure phi(t) is calculated according to the downstream pressure p<t>; the real-time permeability k(t) is calculated according to the real-time pseudo-pressure phi(t); and the average permeability k within the experiment time T is calculated according to the real-time permeability k(t). Due to the fact that only one measured variable exists, the data processing process is simple, and the used time is shorter.

The invention discloses a preparation technology of a ceramic shielding sheet for wireless charging. The preparation technology comprises the following steps: step 1, carrying out heat treatment on awound soft magnetic material strip; step 2, crushing the wound soft magnetic material strip subjected to the heat treatment into powder and preparing the powder into slurry; step 3, coating a naked surface of a ceramic substrate with the slurry to form a shielding layer with a certain thickness; sintering the ceramic substrate with the shielding layer to obtain the ceramic shielding sheet. The invention further discloses the ceramic shielding sheet; the ceramic shielding sheet comprises the ceramic substrate, the shielding layer and a PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate) film, wherein one naked surface of the ceramic substrate is coated with the shielding layer by utilizing a coating technology or a printing technology; the PET film is stuck on the outer surface of the shielding layer. The preparation technology of the ceramic shielding sheet, provided by the invention, is simple and feasible and high in integration automatic degree; the produced ceramic shielding sheet has thin thickness,a good shielding capability and high charging efficiency; the product has high working stability, and procedures and material cost are greatly saved.

Footwear with vertically lapped nonwoven layers in upper and sole structures for enhanced breathability and moisture wicking is disclosed. Exemplary vertically lapped nonwoven dual layers comprise one or more hydrophobic layers and one or more hydrophilic layers that are adhered to each other by a plurality of methods and are further integrated into the inside of the upper and sole of the footwear so that the hydrophilic layer is in direct contact with the feet. The hydrophilic part of the dual layer wicks sweat or bodily fluid from the wearer into the nonwoven and transports the moisture to the hydrophobic layer for fast evaporation, thus keeping the feet dry. The nonwoven footwear is environmentally friendly as the nonwoven layers can be made of recycled materials and may be fully recyclable.