A full-screen mobile phone with a camera under a transparent screen comprises a case, wherein the case is provided with an opening in the front side; a front camera, a rear camera, a loudspeaker, a circuit board and a battery below the circuit board are arranged in the case; the front camera, the rear camera and the loudspeaker are arranged at the upper part in the case, a transparent display screen located at the front sides of the front camera, the rear camera, the loudspeaker, the circuit board and the battery is arranged on the inner side wall of the case, and the transparent display screen is adhered to the front side of the case. The invention also discloses an operation method of the full-screen mobile phone with the camera under the transparent screen. When the front camera is started to shoot, a screen display area in front of the front camera on the transparent display screen does not display contents and becomes transparent, and thus the front camera can capture the scene infront of the transparent display screen to shoot. The full-screen mobile phone disclosed by the invention is a true full-screen mobile phone, which means that no visible sensor exists on the front surface of the mobile phone and the screen ratio of the mobile phone can be maximized in combination with the prior art.