The invention relates to the field of 3D printers, in particular to a temperature-controllable low-temperature biological 3D printer and a spray head device. The 3D printer comprises a base, a mounting frame, a horizontal moving module I, a vertical moving module, a horizontal moving module II, a printing platform, a printing nozzle and a control system, the printing platform comprises a first mounting plate, a supporting base, a first elastic piece, a mounting box, a first temperature control assembly and a second temperature control assembly. The mounting plate I is connected with the moving end of the horizontal moving module I; the mounting box is connected to the upper end of the mounting plate I through an elastic piece I; the first temperature control assembly and the second temperature control assembly are both arranged on the mounting box. The temperature control assembly I and the temperature control assembly II are matched, the temperature of a product is controlled from the upper part to the lower part, the temperature control positions are comprehensive, and the temperature control modes are diversified. The spray head with the temperature control pipe is arranged, the temperature of the spray head is controlled from the inside, and the temperature control efficiency is improved. And a third temperature control assembly is arranged, quantitative replacement of refrigerants is achieved, and it is guaranteed that the refrigeration effect is stable and lasting.