151results about "Charge composition/state" patented technology

The invention provides an aluminum melting furnace door flue gas automatic control dust removal air volume system, and relates to the field of aluminum melting furnace flue gas purification treatment, and the system comprises a data acquisition and processing unit which is used for acquiring flue gas state data and furnace door state images at an aluminum melting furnace door, and identifying the current flue gas state grade and furnace door opening and closing degree of the aluminum melting furnace; determining a target concentration control threshold value; the air volume distribution unit is used for generating the total air volume adjustment amount by using an increment inversion and gain scheduling algorithm based on the flue gas state grade and the target concentration control threshold value, and performing air volume distribution processing on the multiple execution mechanisms by using a redistribution scaling pseudo-inverse method; and the air volume control unit is used for generating control instructions of the multiple execution mechanisms based on the air volume distribution result, sequentially transmitting the control instructions to all the execution mechanisms and executing air volume control. According to the invention, through combination of deep learning network identification and dynamic adjustment, real-time matching of the dedusting air volume and the flue gas volume is realized, and the operation cost of an enterprise is remarkably reduced.

The invention discloses an aluminum bar heating furnace for aluminum alloy machining, and particularly relates to the technical field of aluminum alloy machining. A clamping rotating assembly and a bearing transfer unit are arranged, the bearing transfer unit is located between a first clamping base and a second clamping base, a driving roller provides supporting and guiding for the bottom of an aluminum bar, and the aluminum bar enters a hole groove in the first clamping base; a plurality of pressing wheels I are used for fixing one ends of the aluminum bars, and a plurality of pressing wheels II in the clamping seat II are used for fixing the other ends of the aluminum bars; after the roller seat descends once, the aluminum bar rotates, so that the heating is more uniform, and the aluminum bar is always positioned in the rotating center; then, fixing of the two ends of the aluminum bar is relieved, the aluminum bar moves downwards to make contact with a driving roller which descends at the first time, meanwhile, a first clamping base and a second clamping base are driven by a corresponding second transmission screw to slide in a limited mode along a movement groove, and the first clamping base and the second clamping base are far away from each other and completely separated from the two ends of the aluminum bar; and the roller seat descends for the second time, the center of the aluminum bar is consistent with the center of the outlet, and discharging of the aluminum bar is facilitated.

The invention relates to the technical field of alloy smelting, in particular to a non-vacuum smelting preparation method of Mn-based alloy, which comprises the following steps: smelting a metal material and a covering agent to form a continuous slag layer, and obtaining a plurality of partial pressure ratios of furnace mouth escape gas and a vibration spectrum of a furnace body according to an initial detection period; determining whether the partial pressure ratio and the vibration spectrum meet oxidation judgment conditions and vibration judgment conditions or not; determining a melt state and a slag layer protection state on the basis of an oxidation judgment condition and a vibration judgment condition, adjusting input power and slag layer parameters on the basis of the slag layer protection state in combination with the partial pressure ratio, and adjusting the content of a deoxidizing agent in a pre-deoxidation procedure; and the risk that the final manganese yield is not within the target range is determined based on the risk grade judgment result, the final deoxidation degree and the standing duration are adjusted, the initial detection period is shortened, and the manganese-based alloy is prepared through pouring. The smelting parameters are adjusted by identifying the states of the melt and the slag layer and combining the manganese feedback efficiency, and the manganese yield of the manganese-based alloy smelted under the non-vacuum condition is increased.

The application discloses a low-temperature firing method of mixed porcelain blanks, which comprises three stages. By controlling the kiln pressure, combustion-supporting wind, temperature-adjusting wind, natural gas flow and opening degree of each zone in each stage, the heating speed of each stage is controlled, the porcelain blanks prepared by dry and wet methods are fired together, the problem that the two kinds of porcelain blanks need to be fired respectively in the prior art is solved, the problem of main body cracking and burst of the porcelain blanks due to different water contents of the two kinds of porcelain blanks in the firing process is solved, and the firing efficiency is greatly improved under the premise of ensuring the quality of the porcelain blanks.

A melting furnace feedstock charger includes a charger conduit including an inlet to receive feedstock and an outlet at an outlet portion of the charger conduit to transmit feedstock, and an auger or other feedstock mover coupled to the charger conduit to convey feedstock in a direction from the inlet toward the outlet. A gate may be detachably coupled to the outlet portion of the charger conduit and configured to be coupled directly to a wall of a melting vessel. The auger may have a helical flight with an outer diameter of varying size. A stripper may be movably carried by the charger conduit and may include a stripping tool moved by an actuator with respect to the charger conduit to facilitate transmission of feedstock and / or to strip away clogged feedstock and / or molten material.

The application relates to the technical field of silicon nitride ceramic piece production, in particular to a silicon nitride ceramic piece nitriding treatment furnace and a treatment method thereof. The silicon nitride ceramic piece nitriding treatment furnace comprises a nitriding furnace body, a supporting frame arranged in the nitriding furnace body, a spray head arranged in the nitriding furnace body, a cross driving mechanism installed in the nitriding furnace body, a rotating assembly and multiple groups of lifting assemblies, the lifting assembly is connected with the spray head, the lifting assembly and the rotating assembly are alternately matched, the spray head can intermittently rotate along the circumferential direction of the silicon nitride ceramic piece and reciprocate along the length direction of the silicon nitride ceramic piece, a deflection assembly connected with the lifting assembly and the spray head, the deflection assembly can deflect the spray head to the movement direction of the spray head when the spray head moves, a supporting assembly connected with the supporting frame and the rotating assembly, two groups of jacks connected with the supporting assembly, and the two groups of jacks can alternately lift the silicon nitride ceramic piece when the rotating assembly moves, so as to accelerate the nitriding treatment speed and improve the nitriding treatment effect.

The invention belongs to the technical field of flue gas treatment, and particularly relates to a flue gas treatment device for red copper plate smelting production, which comprises a gas conveying mechanism, a liquid conveying mechanism, a filtering mechanism, a collecting mechanism and a control mechanism, the liquid conveying mechanism comprises a treatment box, a liquid inlet pipe and a liquid outlet pipe, and the liquid inlet pipe and the liquid outlet pipe are fixedly mounted on the outer wall of the treatment box; the gas conveying mechanism comprises a gas conveying pipe and an exhaust pump, the gas conveying pipe is used for conveying cooled smelting flue gas into the treatment box, and the input end of the exhaust pump extends into an inner cavity of the treatment box and is located above the liquid level of the inner cavity of the treatment box in real time; the filtering mechanism comprises a supporting frame and a filtering cylinder arranged on the outer wall of the supporting frame, the supporting frame is detachably installed on the inner wall of the treatment box, and the filtering cylinder is made of an elastic material; the collecting mechanism comprises a collecting cylinder, a drainage plate and a scraping ring slidably arranged on the outer wall of the filter cylinder; through cooperation of the structure, the metal recovery efficiency and purity are improved, and the continuity of the treatment process and the resource recovery effect are both considered.

The invention discloses a molten lead anti-oxidation method based on inert gas dynamic protection. The molten lead anti-oxidation method comprises the following steps that firstly, gas pre-filling is conducted, wherein nitrogen is introduced into a lead melting furnace to replace air; secondly, feeding and lead melting are conducted; step 3, dynamic gas protection; fourthly, pouring forming is conducted; a relatively low-oxygen environment is created for subsequent lead melting operation by pre-filling nitrogen into a lead melting furnace, then nitrogen and argon are added in the initial stage of lead melting to ensure that molten lead is always covered by protective gas, and nitrogen, argon and hydrogen are added in the stable stage of lead melting, so that the stability of a gas protective layer can be maintained, and the service life of the lead melting furnace is prolonged. According to the high-temperature lead smelting method, the high-temperature lead smelting process can be guaranteed, it can be guaranteed that the reducing environment created by hydrogen continuously plays a role, oxidation of lead is further inhibited, the oxidation loss of lead in the high-temperature lead smelting process is remarkably reduced to 0.5% or below, waste of lead resources is reduced, the production cost is reduced, meanwhile, it is guaranteed that lead components are stable in the lead smelting process, and the consistency and stability of product quality are improved.

The application relates to the technical field of refractory metal material processing, in particular to a vacuum smelting system and method for high-purity molybdenum and a fiber-structure molybdenum material, the vacuum smelting system for high-purity molybdenum comprises a three-layer composite crucible, the vacuum smelting method for high-purity molybdenum comprises the following steps: step S1): under the condition of a vacuum degree of less than or equal to 5*10 ‑3 Pa, a three-layer composite crucible is used to perform consumable smelting on molybdenum raw materials; step S2): a directional solidification rate is controlled to be 8-12 mm / min, and a longitudinal temperature gradient is formed to be greater than or equal to 100 DEG C / cm; step S3): multi-stage plastic deformation is implemented on a solidified ingot, and a total deformation amount is greater than or equal to 90%; the fiber-structure molybdenum material is formed with a longitudinal continuous fiber structure in the material, a grain length-diameter ratio is greater than or equal to 10:1, a fiber diameter is less than or equal to 5 microns, hydrogen content is less than or equal to 5 ppm, oxygen content is less than or equal to 50 ppm, and a room-temperature tensile strength is greater than or equal to 780 MPa; the application can prepare high-purity fiber-structure molybdenum material, and improves the problem of insufficient axial performance caused by the isotropy of a traditional equiaxed crystal structure.

The invention discloses a ceramic glue discharging and sintering integrated furnace for 3D printing forming and an operation method. The integrated furnace comprises a furnace body, a supporting structure, a lifting driving mechanism, a sealing assembly and an atmosphere supply pipeline. The sealing assembly is composed of a movable sealing unit and a sealing pipe, and a closed space can be formed in the furnace body through lifting. The operation method comprises the steps of charging, closed space forming, atmosphere replacement, rubber discharging, carbon discharging, sintering and cooling, and whole-process integrated continuous treatment is achieved. By means of the dynamic sealing technology, biscuit transfer damage is avoided, the yield and production efficiency are remarkably improved, equipment investment and energy consumption are reduced, and the core problem existing in traditional step-by-step treatment is solved.

The invention relates to the field of smelting magnetic stirring, in particular to an aluminum alloy smelting magnetic stirring system which comprises a magnetic field sensing module, an anomaly detection module, a coupling output module and a database. The anomaly detection module extracts magnetic field signal features through a Morlet wavelet transform 1D-CNN and LSTM hybrid network, and identifies abnormal working conditions; the coupling output module constructs a four-field coupling equation based on FEM and CFD, introduces a modified turbulence model, and optimizes magnetic field parameters by taking flow velocity, temperature and impurity distribution uniformity as targets after discretization solution; accurate regulation and control and anomaly detection of the aluminum alloy smelting process are achieved, and the stirring effect and the process stability are improved.

The invention relates to the technical field of molten aluminum standing furnaces, in particular to an automatic slag discharging device of a molten aluminum standing furnace, which comprises a slag discharging mechanism, the slag discharging mechanism comprises a dross scraping mechanism and a deposited slag scraping mechanism, the dross scraping mechanism is arranged in a furnace body and used for scraping dross positioned in a square accommodating cavity to an outlet of the furnace body, and the deposited slag scraping mechanism is arranged in the furnace body and used for scraping deposited slag in a square accommodating cavity to an outlet of the furnace body. Deposited slag attached to the inner wall of the hemispherical containing cavity is scraped away; the slag removal device has the beneficial effects that the dross scraping mechanism and the deposited slag scraping mechanism are integrated through the slag removal mechanism, and dross on the surface of molten aluminum and deposited slag at the bottom of the furnace can be removed. Meanwhile, the deslagging mechanism is matched with the special structure combining the square containing cavity and the hemispherical containing cavity, and a remarkable synergistic effect is generated. Wherein the straight edge structure of the square accommodating cavity provides an ideal working surface for scraping dross, and the arc-shaped inner wall of the hemispherical accommodating cavity effectively promotes natural collection and concentration of deposited dross.

The invention discloses a sintering kiln for special ceramic production, and relates to the technical field of ceramic sintering, the sintering kiln comprises a kiln, at least one sintering channel is arranged in the kiln, longitudinally distributed heating pieces are fixedly connected to the furnace wall of the kiln, motors symmetrically distributed along the kiln are fixedly connected to the kiln, and a motor output shaft on one side is fixedly connected with a first connecting shaft; a motor output shaft on the other side is fixedly connected with a second connecting shaft, at least one propelling belt is connected between the first connecting shaft and the second connecting shaft through a belt wheel, and at least one guiding belt is connected between the first connecting shaft and the second connecting shaft through a belt wheel. Rotating torque is generated through friction force between the guide belt and the ceramic body, so that the ceramic body rotates while moving backwards, uniform heating in the sintering process is achieved, the cracking risk caused by temperature difference is reduced, and the product yield is increased.

An apparatus for heating a microwave absorbent material comprises a furnace 3 that has a microwave energy zone 30 and an endless conveyor 50 for transporting the material through the microwave energy zone 30 so that material on the conveyor can be exposed to microwave energy. The conveyor forms a part of a microwave energy barrier that prevents loss of microwave energy from the microwave energy zone. The conveyor comprises a base for carrying material. The base comprises a plurality of metal sections 88 extending transverse to a direction of travel through the furnace that are coupled together with a gap 90 between adjacent metal sections so that adjacent metal sections can change orientation relative to each other when the conveyor moves in a curved path. The gap defines or comprises a choking structure 112 that restricts microwave leakage through the gap.

The application discloses a titanium-aluminum composite material recycling device and a use method thereof, and relates to the field of recycling devices. The titanium-aluminum composite material recycling device and the use method thereof comprise a recycling operation box, a smelting furnace for heating titanium-aluminum waste is arranged at the middle end of the inside of the recycling operation box, first and second crushing rollers are arranged at the top end of the smelting furnace, the first and second crushing rollers have the action of crushing waste, an exhaust fan for discharging smoke is arranged on one side of the recycling operation box, and a recycling box is arranged at the bottom end of the smelting furnace. The titanium-aluminum composite material recycling device and the use method thereof enable the smelting furnace to melt the crushed titanium-aluminum composite blocky material more quickly, thereby improving the efficiency of the smelting furnace in melting the material, reducing the cost, effectively preventing the toxic smoke discharged from causing harm to the bodies of workers, and reducing the harm to the workers.

The invention relates to the technical field of aluminum smelting furnace control, in particular to a secondary aluminum smelting furnace control method and device. The method comprises the following steps: arranging a visual detection device to monitor dross in the furnace; a preset metallurgical treatment agent is put into the smelting furnace in batches and multiple times, and the metallurgical treatment agent is used for reacting with impurities in the furnace to form dross; the change of the scum is obtained through the visual detection device, and the impurity reaction characteristics in the smelting process are recognized in real time; and based on the impurity reaction characteristics, the subsequent feeding time, type and / or dosage of the metallurgical treatment agent are dynamically adjusted, and the heating temperature of the smelting furnace is regulated and controlled, so that the temperature in the furnace is kept in an expected interval. The invention provides a secondary aluminum smelting furnace control method and device. The secondary aluminum recycling efficiency can be improved.

The invention discloses a continuous centralized melting furnace for aluminum alloy. The continuous centralized melting furnace comprises a melting chamber molten pool, a heat preservation chamber and a molten liquid discharging opening which are sequentially communicated in the flowing direction of molten aluminum. A natural gas or oil burner is arranged on the upper portion of the melting chamber molten pool, and a slagging-off door used for slagging off oxidizing slag is arranged on the melting chamber molten pool. An immersion type electric heater is installed on the top of the heat preservation chamber, and an inert gas injection hole is formed in the top of the heat preservation chamber. The invention relates to the technical field of aluminum alloy smelting equipment, a natural gas or oil burner of a melting chamber molten pool and an immersion type electric heater at the top of a heat preservation chamber are used for conducting segmented relay heating, efficient melting and energy-saving heat preservation are combined, the melting chamber molten pool is heated through natural gas or oil, and aluminum ingots are rapidly melted through the efficient and rapid characteristics of the natural gas or oil; the heat preservation chamber adopts a top immersion type electric heating mode, a heating pipe is immersed in molten aluminum, the heat efficiency is high, and compared with a traditional natural gas or oil heating heat preservation mode, more energy is saved.

A heating device and method for substrate glass production are provided. The device includes a furnace tray and multiple heating members. On the furnace tray's side facing the glass substrate, multiple grooves are arrayed along its height; each groove body penetrates the furnace tray along its length direction, with one heating member inside and extending along the groove body's length direction. Each heating member includes a fixing rod disposed in the groove body and fixedly mounted to the furnace tray and a heating wire wound around an outer circumferential surface of the fixing rod along a length direction of the fixing rod. In a thickness direction of the furnace tray, an outer diameter of the heating wire is greater than a height of the groove body. An inner side surface of the groove body has a reflective layer with a preset distance from the heating member.

This invention belongs to the technical field of side-blown lead smelting furnaces, specifically disclosing a side-blown lead smelting furnace that is easy to inspect and maintain. It includes a settling chamber, a lead outlet channel connected to one side of the settling chamber, a connecting water jacket connected to the upper part of the outer wall of the settling chamber, a side-blowing mechanism connected to the upper end of the settling chamber and corresponding to the water jacket on the outer wall of the smelting chamber, a charging chamber connected to the upper end of the smelting chamber via a connecting mechanism, a flue pipe connected to the middle of the upper end of the charging chamber, the flue pipe being inclined, a feed inlet on the lower part of one side of the charging chamber, and a feeding mechanism connected to the upper end of the smelting chamber corresponding to the feed inlet. This invention achieves uniform material distribution and online self-cleaning through independently flippable guide plates and diffuser plates, and allows for quick replacement of components through detachable connections, significantly improving the convenience of inspection and maintenance and the equipment's operating rate.

The invention provides an oxygen-enriched smelting slag copper separating and recycling device, and belongs to the technical field of copper smelting, the oxygen-enriched smelting slag copper separating and recycling device comprises a copper water tank, a scraper assembly, a horizontal moving assembly, a vertical moving assembly and a slag collecting tank, the copper water tank is used for containing copper water discharged from a smelting furnace, and the scraper assembly is provided with a turnover shoveling and scraping part; the edge of the shoveling and scraping part and the inner side walls of the two sides of the copper water tank in the length direction are arranged in a spaced mode, the horizontal moving assembly is used for driving the scraper assembly to horizontally move in the length direction of the copper water tank, and the vertical moving assembly is used for driving the scraper assembly to vertically move in the height direction of the copper water tank. And the slag collecting tank is arranged on one side of the copper water tank and is used for collecting the copper slag overturned and dumped by the shoveling and scraping part. According to the invention, continuous scraping of a scum layer can be realized, the slag content of molten copper is reduced, the problem of inaccurate depth control caused by a high-temperature environment in manual operation is avoided, and the problem that the scum layer cannot be completely removed by a rigid structure of a manipulator is avoided.

The present invention provides a ceramic energy-saving firing kiln, which relates to the field of ceramic firing. It includes a kiln assembly, an energy-saving assembly, an exhaust assembly, a pressure-maintaining assembly, and an air intake assembly. The kiln assembly includes a kiln body, the inner wall of which is provided with a heating wire, and the front of which is rotatably connected to a kiln door. The exhaust assembly is provided on the outer wall of the kiln body and is used to guide and utilize high-temperature exhaust gas; the exhaust assembly includes an exhaust gas insulation shell adapted to the kiln body, the lower part of which is provided with an inlet, and the upper part of which is fixedly connected to an exhaust channel; the energy-saving assembly is provided on the outer side of the kiln body and is used to absorb the exhaust gas temperature within the exhaust gas insulation shell. By providing the energy-saving assembly and the exhaust assembly, the discharged high-temperature exhaust gas can provide insulation for the kiln body, reducing insulation energy consumption, and the temperature of the exhaust gas can be used to heat water, thereby improving the utilization rate of thermal energy.

The invention provides equipment and a method for refining oxygen-free copper from regenerated copper. The equipment for refining the oxygen-free copper from the regenerated copper comprises a preheating assembly, a melting furnace and a stirring assembly, wherein the preheating assembly is used for preheating the regenerated copper; the melting furnace is used for melting the regenerated copper treated by the preheating assembly; the stirring assembly is used for stirring the regenerated copper entering the melting furnace; the preheating assembly is used for feeding copper into the melting furnace, the ventilation assembly is used for feeding carbon monoxide into the melting furnace, the deoxidizing assembly is used for feeding a deoxidizing agent and rare earth into the melting furnace, and the forming assembly is used for forming copper melted by the melting furnace. According to the equipment for refining the oxygen-free copper from the regenerated copper, through mutual cooperation of all the structures, the refining efficiency of the regenerated copper is improved, and meanwhile the qualified rate of the refined oxygen-free copper can be guaranteed.

The invention relates to the field of aluminum alloy smelting, and discloses an aluminum melting and soup preparing technology which comprises the steps that an opening and closing assembly is controlled to open a feeding port of a furnace body, then a feeding assembly is controlled to pour aluminum alloy into the furnace body, and then the opening and closing assembly is controlled to close the feeding port of the furnace body; the furnace body is controlled to preheat the aluminum alloy in the first smelting chamber, and the molten aluminum alloy flows into the second smelting chamber to be fully molten; after the aluminum alloy is completely molten, the transfer trolley is controlled to transfer the transfer ladle to the discharge port, and then the plugging assembly is controlled to open the discharge port, so that the molten aluminum flows into the transfer ladle; the transfer trolley is controlled to move to a heat preservation furnace, then the molten aluminum in the transfer ladle is poured into the heat preservation furnace, and the heat preservation furnace conducts heat preservation on the molten aluminum; the die-casting machine is used for taking the molten aluminum in the heat preservation furnace for machining; the feeding assembly performs automatic feeding, the smelting rhythm of the furnace body is accurately matched, and manual feeding delay is avoided; the holding furnace continuously stores molten aluminum at constant temperature, the die-casting machine can take materials according to needs, the repeated transfer frequency of a transfer ladle is reduced, and the production waiting time is shortened.

The invention relates to an efficient aluminum extraction and graded recovery device for aluminum ash, and relates to the technical field of aluminum ash treatment. Comprising a recovery box, an ash frying furnace is arranged in the recovery box, the upper end of the ash frying furnace is of a through barrel-shaped structure, an opening of the ash frying furnace is larger than a barrel body, the opening and the barrel body are in slope transition, and a stirring device for stirring aluminum ash to promote polymerization of aluminum drops is arranged in the ash frying furnace. A bearing plate is slidably arranged at the bottom of the ash frying furnace in the height direction. The upper end of the ash frying furnace is connected with a collecting box communicated with the interior. According to the invention, the following problems existing in the aluminum ash treatment process in the prior art can be solved: dispersed waste slag can be stably and continuously pushed to one part of the furnace wall for concentration through the specially designed arc-shaped push plate under the dynamic cooperation of the auxiliary part, and the waste slag can be stably and continuously pushed to the furnace wall for concentration by combining the bearing plate capable of accurately lifting and the movable and turnover automatic bucket; the whole-process mechanical operation of enriching, lifting, shoveling and dumping of the waste residues is achieved, and the cleaning efficiency and thoroughness are greatly improved.

The embodiment of the invention relates to the field of metal remelting, in particular to a method suitable for manufacturing radioactive materials into molten ingots in a glove box, the method is carried out through a preset device, the device comprises a melting assembly, a vacuumizing assembly, an ingot forming assembly and a conveying assembly, and the method comprises the following steps that S10, the radioactive materials are put into the melting assembly; s20, a vacuumizing assembly is started, and the melting assembly is vacuumized; s30, the melting assembly is heated, so that the radioactive materials in the melting assembly are converted into a molten state; s40, the radioactive materials in the molten state are poured into the ingot forming assembly; s50, the ingot forming assembly is cooled, so that the radioactive materials in the molten state are formed into ingots; and S60, the radioactive materials obtained in the step S50 are subjected to ingot forming and removed out of the glove box through a conveying assembly. Through casting in the glove box, radioactive substances can be prevented from being exposed in an operation environment, and the safety of operators is ensured.

The application discloses a graphite negative electrode material carbonization, graphitization and crucible roasting integrated device and method. The device comprises a furnace body, a carbonization mechanism and a pushing mechanism. The furnace body comprises an insulation layer, a heating layer and a first plugging block. The carbonization mechanism comprises a hopper and a discharge valve. The pushing mechanism is used for pushing the crucible in the containing cavity into the heating cavity. The graphite negative electrode material carbonization, graphitization and crucible roasting integrated device has the beneficial effects that the containing cavity is arranged in the insulation layer, the temperature of the containing cavity is lower than that of the heating cavity, the graphitization process can be carried out in the heating cavity, the graphite negative electrode material carbonization and the crucible roasting process can be carried out in the containing cavity, different objects with different target temperatures can be heated in different partial regions of the furnace body, the crucible in the containing cavity is pushed into the heating cavity by the pushing mechanism, the carbonized graphite negative electrode material and the heated crucible in the containing cavity do not need to be taken out and directly pushed into the heating cavity, heat waste can be reduced, and environmental protection benefits can be improved.

The present disclosure relates to a method of treating a material comprising a mineral, which comprises subjecting the material to radiant heating, for example a high flux and rapid radiant heating. In a particular form, the mineral is a hydrous mineral.

The application provides a system and a process for preparing oxygen-free copper from recycled copper. The system comprises a smelting device for melting the pretreated recycled copper to obtain copper liquid; an oxidizing device having a first output end in communication with the interior of the smelting device for delivering oxygen to the interior of the smelting device through the first output end; a reducing device having a plurality of second output ends in communication with the interior of the smelting device through the bottom wall of the smelting device for delivering carbon monoxide to the interior of the smelting device through the second output ends; and a slag removal device for removing primary impurities and secondary impurities on the surface of the copper liquid. The application achieves efficient removal of impurities.

This invention discloses a pottery firing process based on a downdraft wood-fired dragon kiln, including the steps of kiln construction, kiln loading, firing in the first kiln chamber, preheating of subsequent kiln chambers, firing in the second kiln chamber, preheating of subsequent kiln chambers, firing in the remaining kiln chambers, and opening the kiln. This invention employs a sequential firing method, concentrating firepower and heat on the pottery in one kiln chamber, increasing the rate of temperature rise within the kiln chamber during firing. The remaining heat is used to preheat subsequent kiln chambers, ensuring sufficient temperature and heat for each chamber, improving the consistency of pottery quality. A flame channel is used to divert flame and smoke, allowing for a more even distribution of flame and smoke within the kiln chamber, improving firing quality and yield, and enhancing the applicability of the dragon kiln. This invention has the advantages of good pottery quality consistency, rapid kiln chamber heating, high yield, and good applicability.