The invention discloses a method and system for detecting a drug blister package based on machine vision. The method comprises the following steps of step 1, conducting image acquisition by projectingonto a packaged blister by a laser emitter to acquire image information; step 2, conducting image information processing through image enhancement, recovery, encoding and grey level transformation, and conducting noise removal on an image; step 3, conducting image segmentation and threshold setting; step 4, conducting image edge tracking by using a Canny edge detection algorithm to detect the blister edge; step 5, extracting image features, performing threshold setting on the decomposed image, and extracting image features of a corresponding region by a threshold value; step 6, extracting thecolor, position, size and shape of a segmented drug; step 7, selecting the position, size, shape and surface defect size tolerance of the tablet; step 8, saving a standard template, tablet characteristics and a tolerance value; step 9, labeling the defective tablet and the corresponding blister; step 10, finally saving data.