The invention discloses a coal gangue baking-free brick with mouldproof and antibacterial effects. The coal gangue baking-free brick is prepared from coal gangue, basalt powder, electrolytic manganese residue, hemp fiber, chitosan, red mud, limestone, aluminum dihydrogen phosphate, water glass, modifier, cementing material, boron mud and a proper amount of water. The baking-free brick is easy to produce and low in cost. Through the synergistic effect of different materials, the prepared baking-free brick is high in strength, low in heat conductivity coefficient, good in anti-crack effect, energy-efficient and environmentally friendly, and meets constructional engineering requirements and the requirement for environment protection; besides good mouldproof, antibacterial and pest killing effects, excellent performances including light weight, high strength, heat insulation, sound insulation and low water absorbability are realized; the baking-free brick has excellent high and low temperature resistance, the problems of ordinary baking-free bricks of being poor in crack resistance and freezing resistance are solved, and the application range of the baking-free brick is widened greatly.