The invention relates to an image data enhancement method and device, electronic equipment and a storage medium, and the method comprises the steps: S1, obtaining an original image, carrying out the annotation of an annotation box of the original image, and obtaining an annotated image; S2, rotating the marked image, and obtaining a rotated image; S3, reducing and / or amplifying the rotated image, wherein the reduction processing comprises the steps that two adjacent sampling points serve as segmentation lines, the rotated image is divided into multiple sub-block images, the average value of the sum of the pixels of the corresponding sub-block images is taken as the pixel of the multiple sub-block images, and the amplification processing comprises the steps that a Bi Cub i c function is constructed, performing interpolation calculation on neighborhood points near the pixel points to be interpolated; and S4, obtaining the annotation data subjected to the zooming-out processing and / or the zooming-in processing. The diversity of data can be greatly improved, and the number of training samples can be quickly increased on the basis of not increasing the manual labeling cost.