The invention discloses a tablet discharging device, provided with an adjusting mechanism, of a tablet press, and a tablet discharging method of the tablet discharging device, and belongs to the field of pharmaceutical equipment. The tablet discharging device comprises a tablet carrying and conveying mechanism, a tablet jacking mechanism and the adjusting mechanism; the tablet jacking mechanism comprises a tablet jacking and conveying belt and a tablet jacking rod, wherein the tablet jacking and conveying belt is arranged in a cavity inside the tablet carrying and conveying mechanism in a non-contact manner; the tablet jacking rod is vertically and fixedly connected to the inner surface of the tablet jacking and conveying mechanism; and the adjusting mechanism comprises a telescopic rod, an adjusting screw, a bolt, a pressing plate and a sliding rail, wherein the telescopic rod is used for adjusting the height of a lowest point of the table jacking and conveying belt. The tablet discharging device disclosed by the invention is novel and unique in design, simple and compact in structure, good in stability, good in using effect, suitable for being applied to tablet presses of different model numbers, good in universality, high in percent of pass and capable of greatly lowering the cost of an enterprise; and the tablet discharging method of the tablet discharging device disclosed by the invention is convenient and reliable to operate, high in automation degree, capable of saving time and reducing the workload, high in practical value, suitable for mass production of the enterprise and quite good in application prospect.