The invention discloses an underwater illumination lamp based on the transmission turbidity measurement principle, and discloses the underwater illumination lamp. The lamp comprises a lamp body, a lamp support, a reference infrared light source, an infrared filter, an infrared photoelectric sensor, a cable connector, an LED drive module, an LED lamp, a lampshade housing, a main circuit board, a signal detection processing module, a constant current source drive part, a power module, and a microcontroller. One end of the main circuit board is electrically connected with the signal detection processing module, and the other end of the main circuit board is electrically connected with the constant current source drive part. The LED drive module is electrically connected with the other end of the main circuit board. The infrared photoelectric sensor is electrically connected with an unoccupied end of the signal detection processing module. The reference infrared light source is electrically connected with an unoccupied end of the constant current source drive part. The lamp can automatically adjust the luminous flux, can enable the illuminance of a specific work surface in underwater illumination to be constant, and can improve the quality of underwater illumination. The invention also relates to a light adjustment method for the underwater illumination lamp based on the transmission turbidity measurement principle.