In order to relieve network pressure caused by sudden increase of local flow in an emergency communication scene, the embodiment of the invention provides a data distribution method and device in an edge cache. The method guarantees high-spectral-efficiency low-delay data distribution during multi-service concurrence, and comprises the following steps: dividing terminal users into a plurality of NOMA groups according to a data distribution mode, namely direct transmission or relay, stored by an edge node, and each NOMA group comprises a direct transmission user and a relay user; the pluralityof NOMA groups are divided into two types according to different channel conditions from the direct transmission users and the relay users to the edge nodes, the channel conditions of the direct transmission users of the first type being good, otherwise, the channel conditions of the direct transmission users of the second type being good; the successful distribution probability of the NOMA groupof the first category and the NOMA group of the second category is determined; and the sending power and spectrum resource allocation of the edge nodes are optimized by taking the maximization of thesuccessful distribution probability of the whole network as a target. According to the invention, the requirements of multiple users for data can be met efficiently, and the probability of successfuldata distribution is improved.