The invention provides a bidirectional bus communication circuit which comprises a host device, a plurality of slave devices and buses, wherein the host device is connected with the slave devices via the buses; the host device comprises a host data sending circuit, a host data receiving circuit and a host CPU; and each slave device comprises a slave data sending circuit, a slave data receiving circuit and a slave CPU. The invention further provides a bidirectional bus communication method which comprises the following steps: S1, the host device supplies power for or charges the slave devices; S2, data of the host device data is downlinked, while the slave devices receive the downlinked data; and S3, data of the slave devices is uplinked, while the host device receives the uplinked data. The bidirectional bus communication circuit provided by the invention can adopt various topology modes, and supports various modes such as an annular mode and a star-like mode, so that the engineering difficulty is greatly reduced in the aspects of topology modes, cable cost and wiring difficulty, the bidirectional bus communication circuit can support long-distance communication, up to 128 slave loads, and a low-power mode, and anti-jamming capability is enhanced.