The invention relates to an agricultural hydroelectric power generation device with an anti-blocking function. The device comprises a fixed box, a water inlet pipe, a filter screen plate, a collecting mechanism and a cleaning mechanism, wherein the cleaning mechanism comprises a transverse plate, a fan, a rotating rod, a bearing seat, a first fixed pulley, a sliding knife, a pull rope, a wire coil and a limiting assembly, and the collecting mechanism comprises a collecting box, a connecting rod and a collecting assembly. According to the agricultural hydroelectric power generation device with the anti-blocking function, rotation of the fan is achieved through wind power, so that movement of the sliding knife is achieved, meanwhile, resetting of sliding is achieved through the weight of the sliding knife, so that reciprocating cleaning of a filter screen is achieved, meanwhile, operation of the collecting mechanism is achieved through rotation of the fan, collection of garbage is achieved through the cleaning box, then movement of the cleaning box is achieved through movement of the sliding knife, the garbage flows into the collecting box through a baffle, the pulling strength of a user is reduced, linkage of multiple mechanisms is achieved through the same driving source, and the use practicability is improved.