The invention relates to a transformer substation voiceprint detection and recognition device, method and system based on the Internet of Things. The device comprises a central processing unit (1), amemory (2), an MEMS microphone (3), an ADC module (4), an FPGA module (5) and a communication module (6). The MEMS microphone (3), the ADC module (4), the FPGA module, the central processing unit (1)and the memory (2) are connected in sequence, the communication module (6) is connected to the central processing unit (1), and the communication module (6) comprises an Ethernet (9) and an NB-IoT wireless module (10). Compared with the prior art, the device has the advantages of low power consumption, high integration level, high stability, suitability for complex working environments, support ofInternet of Things data transmission, online voiceprint analysis and the like.