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Erythrose is a tetrose saccharide with the chemical formula C₄H₈O₄. It has one aldehyde group, and so is part of the aldose family. The natural isomer is D-erythrose. Erythrose was first isolated in 1849 from rhubarb by the French pharmacist Louis Feux Joseph Garot (1798-1869), and was named as such because of its red hue in the presence of alkali metals (ἐρυθρός, "red").