49 results about "Ionic bonding" patented technology

The invention discloses an imidazole derivative curing agent and a preparation method of a space stiffening material with low volatility and high stability, and belongs to the field of preparation of space developing materials. The method comprises the following steps: mixing a light curing agent, an imidazole derivative curing agent, acrylate resin and epoxy resin, vacuumizing, removing bubbles, pouring into a standard dumbbell spline mold, carrying out ultraviolet irradiation for 10-20 minutes to prepare a flexible material of a first network, then pre-curing at 130-150 DEG C for 3-4 hours, and curing at 170-180 DEG C for 3-5 hours to obtain a rigid material. Through molecular synthesis scheme design, the high-molecular-weight imidazole derivative is prepared, the reaction activity is reduced, the storage life is prolonged, and the problems of small molecule migration and vacuum gas outlet are solved. Due to the molecular scheme design, more imidazole groups are introduced to a molecular chain and can be coordinated with metal ions to form ionic bonds, so that the reaction activity can be further reduced, the storage period can be prolonged, the molecular weight can be correspondingly increased, and the migration condition can be inhibited.

An electrolyte, a battery cell, a battery and an electrical apparatus, belonging to the technical field of batteries. Fluorophosphate and / or borate is added into an electrolyte containing a low-viscosity solvent, and due to low LUMO energy levels, the fluorophosphate and the borate readily accept electrons and undergo reduction after being added into the electrolyte, so as to form a stable SEI film on the surface of a negative electrode active material, thus blocking contact between the low-viscosity solvent and the surface of the negative electrode active material, reducing the reduction of the low-viscosity solvent, and inhibiting further side reactions on the negative electrode sheet side. Meanwhile, the fluorophosphate and the borate can be combined with metal ions on the surface of a positive electrode active material to form ionic bonds, such that the phenomenon of surface overdelithiation of the positive electrode active material is reduced, thus effectively reducing structural damage to the positive electrode active material, and reducing side reactions between the electrolyte and the positive electrode sheet side. Reducing side reactions between electrolytes and both the negative electrode sheet side and the positive electrode sheet side is conductive to the service life of batteries.

The invention discloses a beryllium fixing agent and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of lithium slag resource utilization. The invention provides a beryllium fixing agent which is based on differential behavior characteristics of thallium and beryllium in an alkaline environment, and efficient elution of thallium and directional stabilization of beryllium are achieved by designing a composite beryllium fixing agent (a pH regulator and a stabilizer). According to the process, introduction of sulfide / organic matter is avoided, the beryllium leaching concentration of the treated lithium slag in a 180-day accelerated aging experiment is always lower than 0.5 microgram / L through ionic bonding and topological chemical curing effects, and the industrial pain point of insufficient long-term stability of a traditional method is thoroughly solved.

The invention provides a perovskite solar cell and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of solar cells. Comprising conductive glass, a SnO2 layer, a bottom-buried interface modification layer, a perovskite layer, an interface passivation layer, a hole transport layer and a metal electrode layer which are sequentially stacked, and the bottom-buried interface modification layer comprises fluorine-containing sylvite sulfonate. According to the invention, a bottom-buried interface is modified by using fluorine-containing potassium sulfonate, and through the effects that F atoms and = N-H in formamidine ions (FA < + >) in a perovskite layer form = N-H...... F hydrogen bonds, sulfonate radicals and uncoordinated Pb < 2 + > in the perovskite layer interact, SnO2 is passivated, and K ions and I ions form ionic bonds, the defects of the SnO2 surface and the perovskite bottom interface are synergistically passivated; according to the invention, non-radiative recombination at the interface is reduced, the transmission performance of the interface is improved, the crystallization process of the upper layer perovskite is improved, and the obtained perovskite device has higher photoelectric conversion efficiency and good stability.

Methods of the present disclosure may be referred to as direct material extraction. Brine may be moved into a media bed such that extractant materials in the media bed absorb ions of a target material without absorbing other materials included in the brine. Desired ion(s) may be transported into the extractant and be held there temporally based on ionic bonds that form between the desired ions and the extractant material. Apparatuses of the present disclosure may contain the extractant material, receive brine, and may receive a stripping solution such that desired materials are separated from other materials included in the brine. After the extractant material has absorbed the desired materials, a flow of stripping solution may be used to flush other materials out of an apparatus and then to flush the desired materials out of the extractant material.

The invention discloses a composite catalyst for anchoring coordinated copper anion micromolecules (preferably [Cu (BCA)] <->) in a cationic covalent organic framework (preferably EBCOF) skeleton pore channel through an ion exchange strategy, and a preparation method and application thereof. According to the catalyst, a directional electron transmission channel composed of a COF framework-ionic bond-anion copper complex is constructed in a COF body, the catalyst is used for CO2 reduction reaction under the conditions of visible light irradiation and triethanolamine as a sacrificial agent, high selectivity is shown for C2 products, the ethane generation activity is improved by about 2.62 times compared with a control sample not subjected to ion exchange treatment, and the selectivity of the catalyst is greatly improved. And the activity retention rate is not less than 90% after circulation for 5 times. The method is simple in process and mild in condition.

The invention relates to the technical field of solar cells, in particular to a perovskite solar cell based on 2-aminoethyl sulfuric acid interface modification and a preparation method thereof, and the perovskite solar cell sequentially comprises a conductive substrate layer, an electron transport layer, a perovskite light absorption layer, a hole transport layer and a back electrode layer from bottom to top; an interface between the electron transport layer and the perovskite light absorption layer is modified through amphoteric molecules, the amphoteric molecules are 2-aminoethyl sulfuric acid, and the molecular formula of the amphoteric molecules is C2H7NO4S. Wherein sulfate ions in the amphoteric molecules can passivate oxygen vacancy defects in a manner of forming covalent bonds with the oxygen vacancy defects on the surface of the metal oxide, and ammonium ions in the amphoteric molecules can passivate organic acupoints of the perovskite in a manner of forming ionic bonds with PbI3 <-> in the perovskite; meanwhile, the interface energy level of the electron transport layer / perovskite light absorption layer and the quality of the perovskite thin film are improved, and finally the purpose of improving the efficiency and the stability of the perovskite solar cell is achieved.

The application discloses an Al-doped two-dimensional MnO2 adsorption structure for SO2 immobilized adsorption and application thereof. The Al-doped two-dimensional MnO2 adsorption structure for SO2 immobilized adsorption comprises a two-dimensional MnO2 monolayer as a substrate, and Al modified atoms on H sites on the surface of the substrate, wherein the doping concentration of the Al modified atoms is 2% to 4%. A stable Al-O interaction interface is formed between the Al modified atoms and O atoms in SO2 molecules, so that a strong chemical adsorption interface dominated by ionic bond interaction is formed between SO2 and the adsorption structure; in a preferred configuration, the adsorption energy of the adsorption structure for SO2 is -2.154 eV, the interface charge transfer amount is -0.49 e, and the Al-O interaction distance is 1.737 Å. The adsorption structure can be used for irreversible capture, enrichment and immobilized adsorption of SO2, and industrial waste gas desulfurization and capture of toxic gas containing sulfur.

A silicon wafer, a preparation method of the silicon wafer, and a passivation treatment solution is disclosed. The preparation method of the silicon wafer can include the following steps: providing a solar silicon ingot; cutting the solar silicon ingot with a first treatment solution to form a pretreated silicon wafer; degluing the pretreated silicon wafer with a second treatment solution to obtain a deglued silicon wafer; and cleaning the deglued silicon wafer with a third treatment solution to obtain the silicon wafer; wherein at least one of the first treatment solution, the second treatment solution and the third treatment solution comprises a non-metallic compound that is bonded with a silicon ion via a single bond.

Provided are: a crosslinkable polymer composition which can be crosslinked by heating and which can be converted from a state having low thermal deformability to a state having high thermal deformability at a certain temperature; and a crosslinked polymer material which is obtained by crosslinking such a crosslinkable polymer composition. And an insulated wire and a wire harness which are provided with such a crosslinked polymer material. A crosslinkable polymer composition comprising: a component A in which metal ions are dissociated by heat; a component B comprising an organic polymer that has a side chain and contains, in the side chain, an electron-withdrawing substituent capable of forming an ionic bond with a metal ion dissociated from the component A; and a component C which is composed of a compound having a structure represented by formula (1) and a melting point of 190 DEG C or higher, and in which a crosslinked product obtained by crosslinking the component B by metal ions free from the component A has a flow initiation temperature at 190 DEG C or higher. R represents a hydrogen atom or a hydroxyl group. M + n is from 11 to 30 (inclusive), and My + represents a y-valent metal ion.

The invention relates to a coating material for fire protection applications, comprising hybrid inorganic-organic particles (13; 17; 113; 117) each having an inorganic particle core (14; 18; 114; 118) that is at least partially surrounded by an organic particle shell (15; 19; 115; 119), wherein the organic particle shell (15; 19; 115; 119) is formed by phosphorus-containing organic macromolecules (16; 20; 116.1, 116.2; 120.1, 120.2) attached to the surface of the inorganic particle core (14; 18; 114; 118) by means of covalent or ionic bonding. Furthermore, the invention relates to a fiber-reinforced composite material comprising a coating and optionally an impregnation with a coating material according to the invention.

The present application provides an extractant and a method for purifying copper-containing cyanide wastewater, belonging to the technical field of wastewater purification. The extractant uses an imidazole ring as the molecular backbone, and through a quaternization reaction, aliphatic chain functional groups are introduced to adjust the hydrophobic property of the extractant, ensuring that the extractant is insoluble in the inorganic aqueous phase. By derivatizing the amino group to form a thioester group, the terminal mercapto group hydrolyzes under alkaline conditions to form an S- activation site, which can effectively bond with cuprous ions (Ⅰ). At the same time, the S- activation site and the lone pair electrons on the adjacent N atom cooperate with each other to chelate cuprous ions (Ⅰ) to the greatest extent, ensuring that the cuprous ions exist in the form of chelates and will not be further converted into the free state. In addition, the lone pair electrons on the N atom and the carboxyl group can cooperate with each other to achieve targeted chelation of cupric ions (Ⅱ) in the solution. The present application realizes the efficient extraction of copper in the cyanide-containing wastewater, achieving the purpose of purifying the copper-containing cyanide wastewater.

The invention relates to the technical field of sports facilities and building materials, in particular to a vinyl elastomer modified material for a runway and a preparation method of the vinyl elastomer modified material. The resin comprises the following components: matrix resin, a multifunctional grafting modifier, an ionic cross-linking agent, a surface modification filler and the like. The core is that modified polyolefin with a hindered amine light stabilizing group on a side chain is used as a grafting modifier, and metal ions and the side chain group are utilized to form an ionic bonding network; the light stabilizer is fixed on a molecular chain through a chemical anchoring technology, so that the defect that a traditional auxiliary agent is easy to wash away or migrate and separate out along with rainwater is effectively overcome, and the strength retention rate and the service life of the material after aging in an outdoor environment are remarkably improved.

The disclosure relates to vertical layered A-[B-A]n type heterostructure assemblies of a 2D ultrathin inorganic solid-state material ('B') and a non-noble metal organic framework (MOF) material ('A'), with bridging MIM-X-MMOF ionic bonds that stabilise heterointerfaces between layers A and B, as well as to methods and processes of synthesising same, and uses of same as electrocatalysts, such as for OER in water splitting.

The invention provides a method for promoting low-temperature densification of yttria-stabilized zirconia and application, and belongs to the technical field of high-temperature solid oxide fuel cells. The nano-powder prepared by a sol-gel method is small in particle size, large in specific surface area and high in activity, so that the densification temperature of the nano-powder is reduced, the nano-powder is sintered in a vapor-containing atmosphere, the oxygen partial pressure under high-temperature vapor is reduced, lattice oxygen escapes to form oxygen vacancies, meanwhile, hydrogen proton defects generated by hydrolysis reduce the formation energy of cation defects, and the oxygen vacancies are reduced. Formation of defects is promoted, and oxygen vacancies and the defects provide channels for atomic diffusion; and hydroxyl adsorbed on the surface of the YSZ and cations form ionic bonds, the diffusion rate of OH <-> is far higher than that of O2 <->, and due to electrostatic interaction, diffusion of cations is further promoted, so that sintering of the YSZ is promoted, and low-temperature densification of the YSZ is realized.

The invention discloses a preparation method of an extra-high-viscosity PE film, and relates to the field of high polymer material processing, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: feeding metallocene linear low-density PE, hydrogenated star-shaped SIS, an ethylene-zinc methacrylate copolymer and an aminated nanotube into a three-layer co-extrusion blow molding machine, heating, and stirring, melting and extruding through the three-layer co-extrusion blow molding machine; the raw materials extruded in the first step flow out through a die head and then are cooled to preliminarily form a film; and cooling the film obtained in the step 2, and rolling the film by a rolling machine to obtain the self-adhesive protective film. Therefore, after three-layer co-extrusion molding is performed according to the formula, high viscosity is realized through physical entanglement of star SIS molecular chains and dynamic repair of ionomer ionic bonds; the excellent performance of repeated pasting for more than five times is supported; through amino and SIS double-bond reaction, the interface heat conduction / mechanical strength is improved, a heat conduction network balances low-temperature stress, cracking under the local low-temperature condition is prevented, and the low-temperature viscosity retention rate is larger than 90% under the condition of minus 40 DEG C.

A crosslinkable polymer composition and a crosslinked polymer material including a metal member and a wiring harness. The crosslinkable polymer composition contains component A from which metal ion is released by heat, component B containing an organic polymer having a substituent capable of ionic bonding with the metal ion released from component A, and component C containing one or more acidic phosphate ester with a carbon number of 4 to 30. Assuming that the metal ion released from component A has a valence of +y and a content of the metal ion is m mol, the substituent contained in component B has a valence of −z and a content of the substituent is n mol, the acidic phosphate constituting component C has a valence of −x and a content of the acidic phosphate esters is 1 molg≥0.1 holds for g=(m·y−l·x) / (n·z).

An existing heat-conducting / high-heat-conducting phase-change composite film based on interaction of interface zwitterions has the defects that the interface thermal resistance between layers is high, a phase-change material is prone to leakage, and the synergistic efficiency of functional layers is low. In the prior art, physical blending or simple stacking is mostly adopted, the interlayer binding force is weak, the transfer efficiency of heat between a phase change layer and a heat conduction layer is low, and efficient heat management of a high-power-density electronic device cannot be met. According to the invention, an intelligent structure with external conduction, internal storage and ionic bonding is constructed. The outer layer is made of anionic high-thermal-conductivity polyurethane, is responsible for rapidly diffusing heat and is also used as a packaging shell; the inner layer is cation modified paraffin and is responsible for absorbing and buffering pulse heat; the inner layer and the outer layer realize strong interface bonding through anion-cation electrostatic attraction, and thermal resistance is weakened. The interface bonding between the heat conduction layer and the phase change layer is strengthened fundamentally, and an efficient, stable and low-heat-resistance heat transfer channel is constructed.

Disclosed herein are compositions for extracting lithium from a brine, methods for utilizing compositions for extracting lithium from a brine, and / or methods for preparing a composition for extracting lithium from a brine. For example, a composition may include lithium aluminum hydroxide crystals having a crystal structure of a plurality of hexagonal sheets. In some instances, each of the plurality of hexagonal sheets includes one or more vacant sites. Moreover, the composition may include a plurality of reinforcing ions bonded to an outside edge of one or more of the plurality of hexagonal sheets. In some instances, the plurality of reinforcing ions supports the crystal structure of the plurality of hexagonal sheets when the composition is washed with a stripping fluid and maintains a separation distance between one or more of the plurality of hexagonal sheets.

The present invention discloses a hole transport material, a preparation method thereof, and a perovskite solar cell, wherein the hole transport material comprises a phenanthroline metal complex as shown in Formula 1: M is a divalent metal ion; X is a halogen ion. The phenanthroline metal complex of the present invention has excellent semiconductor properties; and its physical, electronic, and optical properties can be regulated by changing the divalent metal element therein; in particular, the halogen ions contained in the phenanthroline metal complex can react with the Pb that is not fully coordinated on the surface of the perovskite light-absorbing layer. 2+ Ionic bonding has an interface passivation effect, reducing the ineffective loss of carriers, thereby effectively improving the device stability and service life of the solar cell; in addition, the o-phenanthroline metal complex shown in Formula 1 is easy to obtain and low in cost.

Methods of the present disclosure may be referred to as direct material extraction. Brine may be moved into a media bed such that extractant materials in the media bed absorb ions of a target material without absorbing other materials included in the brine. Desired ion(s) may be transported into the extractant and be held there temporally based on ionic bonds that form between the desired ions and the extractant material. Apparatuses of the present disclosure may contain the extractant material, receive brine, and may receive a stripping solution such that desired materials are separated from other materials included in the brine. After the extractant material has absorbed the desired materials, a flow of stripping solution may be used to flush other materials out of an apparatus and then to flush the desired materials out of the extractant material.

The application belongs to the technical field of multifunctional photoelectric materials, and particularly relates to an organic-inorganic hybrid copper-based halide crystal material, a preparation method and application. R -2MePICu2X4, S -2MePICu2X4, R -2MePI)4Cu4X 12 or S -2MePI)4Cu4X 12 ; 2MePI is a 2-methylpiperazine cation, and X is a halogen. The application forms a coordination bond between monovalent metal Cu and a halogen, forms different inorganic cluster structures CuX, forms [Cu2X6] 4‑ or [Cu2X4] 2‑ units, and the 2-methylpiperazine cation is positively charged after protonation, and the formed CuX can achieve charge balance, so that the organic-inorganic hybrid copper-based halide crystal material is obtained through ionic bond interaction.

The invention relates to a preparation method of a novel two-dimensional MXene membrane based on forward osmosis deposition. The preparation method comprises the following steps: preparing a two-dimensional nanosheet MXene solution with specific concentration; taking a specific cation salt solution as a driving solution, and filling the forward osmosis membrane into a forward osmosis device; a two-dimensional nanosheet MXene solution is added to the feed liquid side of a forward osmosis device for forward osmosis, positive ions reversely permeate into MXene two-dimensional nanosheet layers by utilizing the specific ion selectivity of a forward osmosis membrane and serve as an ion intercalator to generate a pillared effect, the positive ions subjected to reverse osmosis are combined with F-groups in an MXene material through strong ionic bonds, the interlayer spacing is enlarged, and the two-dimensional nanosheet MXene is formed. The ion permeability of the prepared two-dimensional MXene membrane is regulated and controlled; and after the forward osmosis is finished, separating and taking out the metal ion intercalation MXene two-dimensional nanosheet layer deposited on the upper layer from the forward osmosis membrane, and drying to prepare the metal ion intercalation two-dimensional MXene membrane with excellent ion permeability.

The invention relates to a passivation method of a perovskite layer and a perovskite solar cell. The passivation method comprises the following steps: arranging a fluoride passivation layer on the surface of the perovskite layer; the fluoride passivation layer is hydrolyzed in a wet atmosphere, and passivation of the perovskite layer is completed; the hydrolysis product of the fluoride in the fluoride passivation layer in a wet atmosphere comprises hydrogen fluoride. According to the passivation method provided by the invention, the fluoride passivation layer is firstly formed, and then hydrogen fluoride generated by hydrolysis of the fluoride passivation layer and lead ions in perovskite crystal lattices form strong ionic bonds, so that the anion vacancy defect in perovskite is effectively passivated, charge transfer is effectively improved, interface charge recombination is inhibited, and meanwhile, potential distribution is more uniform; the defect state density is obviously reduced, and the quality of the perovskite layer is improved; moreover, when the fluoride passivation layer is hydrolyzed, a buffer layer can be generated, thereby reducing the uncontrollable damage of the contact between the perovskite interface and the transmission layer, and improving the stability of the perovskite solar cell.

The application relates to a preparation method of a tungsten carbide-cubic boron nitride composite material, and belongs to the field of material engineering. The components of the tungsten carbide-cubic boron nitride composite material comprise the following components in parts by mass: 60-70 parts of tungsten carbide, 20-30 parts of cubic boron nitride, 5-15 parts of cobalt, 0.1-0.5 parts of chromium carbide, 0.5-1.5 parts of titanium carbide and 0.3-0.7 parts of aluminum. The tungsten carbide-cubic boron nitride composite material is prepared by adopting a hot-pressing sintering method, the balance between wear resistance and toughness is considered, the titanium carbide is a transition metal carbide, the bond type is mixed in the same crystal structure by ionic bond, covalent bond and metal bond, the performance of the composite material is further improved, the chromium carbide has the effect of inhibiting abnormal growth of tungsten carbide grains, the spherical crystal with uniform particle size can be obtained, the uniform dispersion of high-hardness cubic boron nitride can improve the wear resistance of the material, the dense structure of the submicron tungsten carbide ensures the good internal structure and mechanical properties of the material.

A foaming composition useful to make an extruded foam is comprised of comprising a plurality of chains of a copolymer of one or more vinylidene aromatic monomers and one or more unsaturated acids, the copolymer having about 0.01 to about 15.0 percent by weight of the one or more unsaturated acids wherein the acid groups are pendant from the copolymer a metal salt, metal oxide or combination thereof, the metal having a valence of at least 2; and one or more blowing agents. The foaming composition may be made into a foam by heating the foaming composition to a temperature sufficient to melt and ionically crosslink said copolymer which is then extruded through a die forming a foam. The foam is comprised of an ionically crosslinked aforementioned copolymer, wherein the copolymer is crosslinked through ionic bonds between the unsaturated acids and the metal of the metal salt or metal oxide.

Disclosed herein are compositions for extracting lithium from a brine, methods for utilizing compositions for extracting lithium from a brine, and / or methods for preparing a composition for extracting lithium from a brine. For example, a composition may include lithium aluminum hydroxide crystals having a crystal structure of a plurality of hexagonal sheets. In some instances, each of the plurality of hexagonal sheets includes one or more vacant sites. Moreover, the composition may include a plurality of reinforcing ions bonded to an outside edge of one or more of the plurality of hexagonal sheets. In some instances, the plurality of reinforcing ions supports the crystal structure of the plurality of hexagonal sheets when the composition is washed with a stripping fluid and maintains a separation distance between one or more of the plurality of hexagonal sheets.

The solid electrolyte composition of the present application comprises a solid electrolyte material having an ion bond and an organic solvent. The organic solvent comprises a compound having a halogen group and at least one selected from a compound having an ether group and a hydrocarbon.

The invention relates to a preparation method and a preparation system of quinclorac, and belongs to the technical field of herbicide preparation, AuPd alloy nanoparticles are loaded on a lanthanum-doped CsPMo composite carrier, a'Lewis acid site + electron-rich metal active center 'synergistic system is constructed, lanthanum ions are embedded into Keggin structural gaps of CsPMo through ionic bonds or coordinate bonds, and the quinclorac is prepared. The specific surface area of the composite carrier is remarkably increased, the number of Lewis acid sites is increased, electron metal-composite carrier interaction between an AuPd alloy and the composite carrier induces electrons to be transferred from the carrier to the alloy, an electron-rich active center is formed, an oxygen activation energy barrier is reduced, oxygen ion active oxygen species are efficiently generated, and the catalytic activity of the AuPd alloy is improved. Meanwhile, hydrogen is accelerated to be dissociated into active hydrogen species, sufficient active species are provided for oxidation reaction and reduction reaction respectively, and efficient promotion of methyl oxidation, nitro reduction and subsequent ring closing reaction of 1-chloro-2-methyl-3-nitrobenzene is ensured.

The invention relates to a zero-dimensional zinc-based halide scintillator material and a preparation method and application thereof, the chemical general formula of the zero-dimensional zinc-based halide scintillator material is (DPO) 2ZnX2, and X is Cl and / or Br. Through precise molecular design, in the obtained zero-dimensional zinc-based halide scintillator material, a central Zn < 2 + > ion, two halide ions and two nitrogen atoms from different DPO ligands are subjected to directional coordination, and a unique [ZnN2X2] < 2-> tetrahedral structure is formed. The tetrahedron serves as a built-in radiation sensitization unit and is tightly coupled with a DPO ligand serving as a light-emitting center on the molecular scale through strong chemical bonds (coordination bonds and ionic bonds), a zero-dimensional hybrid structure is jointly formed, efficient and rapid transfer of X-ray energy from a metal halide unit to an organic light-emitting center (DPO) is ensured, and the X-ray fluorescence intensity is improved. And the material has excellent thermal stability and excellent anti-radiation hardness, and is suitable for long-term and high-dose detection application.