The invention discloses an efficient trapping system of micro-nanometer dust in the air. The invention comprises an air trapping opening, a filter core, a sprayer, a big and small flow micro pump, an atomizing nozzle, a liquid storage chamber, trapping liquid, a baffle and a vacuum pump, which construct an air flow route and a liquid circulation route, the system designs the air containing dust and the trapping liquid to experience four different absorption and trapping processes continuously, so as to realize efficient trapping of the micrometer and nanometer dust composed of various grains. By changing the variety of the trapping liquid or adjusting the hydrophile-lipophile balance (HLB) value of the trapping liquid, and improving the wettability of the trapping liquid and the nano dust in the air, micro nanometer fiber, thin sheet dust and other solid dust particles of various forms, containing micro-nano particles, can be efficiently trapped. The invention designs a plurality of air-liquid continuous contact processes, the air containing dust and the trapping liquid are only mixed and absorbed in the system, thus efficiently trapping nano dust in various dust density environment air including occupation workplaces.