The invention provides an automobile automatic driving test case generation method based on scenes and tasks, and the method comprises the following steps: 1), selecting typical traffic behaviors in acomplex and multi-element road traffic scene, and constructing a test task library; 2) defining terms of a traffic scene and related elements thereof, describing concepts, attributes and hierarchicalrelationships of scene elements, and constructing an ontology model of the road traffic scene; 3) generating a traffic scene based on the traffic scene model and the traffic behavior task library, the traffic scene being generally composed of a plurality of traffic participants, a specific time-space road environment and a traffic scene, and generally including a plurality of driving tasks; and 4) further describing a traffic scene in detail by defining a parameter range and correlation of variables in the state space, and selecting representative discrete values for combination by applying boundary value analysis, equivalence class division and other methods in software testing to generate a plurality of test cases.