134 results about "Soil drying" patented technology

The invention discloses a temperature-controlled type unsaturated soil consolidometer, which can be used for geotechnical engineering measuring apparatus manufacture. The temperature-controlled type unsaturated soil consolidometer comprises a combined type pressure chamber with a bidirectional motion loading pressure piston, a diversion system, a displacement meter and laser metering equipment. Heat conducting oil is filled in a sandwich chamber between the outer side of the combined type pressure chamber and an outer-layer transparent sleeve; and moreover, the sandwich chamber is also provided with a thermoelectric couple and a heating rod to control the temperature inside the pressure chamber. When the temperature-controlled type unsaturated soil consolidometer is used, a filter paper method of suction measurement can be employed for measuring the suction of an unsaturated sample under different temperatures; unsaturated soil drying and watering cycle tests controlled under suction and compression tests under constant suction can be implemented to obtain the influence rules of the temperature on the soil-water characteristic and mechanical characteristic of unsaturated soil; andsoaking expansion deformation tests and expansion pressure tests under different temperatures can be implemented, and the expansion deformation of the unsaturated soil and the changing rules of the expansibility are respectively obtained through the displacement meter or a load sensor. The temperature-controlled type unsaturated soil consolidometer has the advantages of complete functions, simplestructure, convenient operation and high test precision.

The invention relates to an efficient waste heat using organic contaminated soil displacement thermal desorption repairing system and method. A burner is communicated with a high temperature oxidizingchamber, a high temperature smoke pipe of the high temperature oxidizing chamber is communicated with a rotary kiln heating processing system and an air heat exchanger, a high temperature air outletof the air heat exchanger is communicated with the burner, a smoke pipe of the air preheater is communicated with an inlet of a quench tower, an outlet of the quench tower is communicated with an inlet of a bag-type dust collector, an outlet of the bag-type dust collector is communicated with an inlet of a deacidification tower, an outlet of the deacidification tower is communicated with an air inlet of a second induced draft fan, and an outlet of the second induced draft fan is communicated with a chimney. A part of high temperature flue gas generated by the burner enters a rotary kiln thermal desorption reactor to achieve desorption of organic pollutant and soil drying pretreatment, organic matter enters the high temperature oxidizing chamber through a backflow pipe for burning treatment, and thorough oxidative degradation removal is achieved; and the other part of high temperature flue gas is used for increasing the temperature of combustion air through the air heat exchanger.

The invention relates to a polluted soil treatment technology and aims to provide a system for drying persistent organic pollutants (POPs) polluted soil through flue gas waste heat. The system comprises a self-cleaning blade dryer, a heat-conducting oil pump and a heat exchanger, wherein an extraction opening is formed on the upper side of a shell of the self-cleaning blade dryer and is connectedwith a dust remover; a lower outlet of the dust remover is connected with a feeder; an upper outlet of the dust remover is connected with a spray tower, the spray tower is connected with a draught fan, and the draught fan is connected with an exhaust funnel; and the heat exchanger is arranged in a tail flue gas channel of another independent thermal desorption device, and tail gas exhausted by the thermal desorption device serves as a heat exchange medium. By the system, soil drying and tail gas treatment are integrated, the tail flue gas of the independent thermal desorption device serves asa heat source of heat-conducting oil of a drying machine, on-site construction and installation are easily performed, a low-grade heat source is fully utilized, the energy consumption in the soil drying process is reduced, and the energy is saved; and moreover, the whole system has a compact structure and high drying speed, occupies a small space and can be continuously operated.

The invention discloses a simple and high-efficiency cultivation method for flue cured tobaccos in a tobacco-rice rotation area, and relates to the technical field of commercial crop cultivation. The cultivation method comprises S1. deep ploughing and upturned soil drying in the sun; S2. floating-seeding comprising floating-seeding pond management, seeding of floating-breeding, seeding control, and hardening seedling through sand culture; S3. tobacco field management comprising tobacco field ridging, cavity opening comprising plant cavity opening and fertilizing cavity opening, and fertilizing; S4. tobacco seeding transplantation; S5. mulch covering comprising mulch covering, mulch hole opening, and mulch breaking; S6. diseases and pests prevention; S7. bud inhibition; and S8. other management. The simple and high-efficiency cultivation method is labor saving, high in quality and high in efficiency, can be used for large scale production of flue-cured tobaccos in tobacco-rice rotation areas, and suitable for cultivating flue-cured tobaccos in large tobacco-rice rotation areas in south of the Yangtze River in a simple and high efficiency mode.

The invention discloses a method for raising seedlings by mud on rice mechanical transplanting soft discs. The method comprises the following implementation steps: step one, selecting rice seeds to be sowed; step two, determining the sowing period and sowing amount; step three, preparing rice fields; step four, soaking the seeds for accelerating germination; step five, managing the rice fields; and step six, transplanting. Compared with the existing rice seedling technology, the method for raising the seedlings by mud on rice mechanical transplanting soft discs the advantages that the seedling is implemented by the method, mud is directly taken from the rice fields for seedling, so that the processes of collection and transportation of seedbed soil, soil drying, soil sieving and disinfection can be eliminated, and the seedling cost is greatly lowered; in addition, rice seedlings obtained by the seedling raising method has high quality, the emergence rate is high, the transplanted rice seedlings have high survival rate, so that the acre yield of follow-up rice can be increased.

The invention relates to a portable soil multi-heavy metal element quick detector with a sample automatic rotating function. The portable soil multi-heavy metal element quick detector comprises a boxtype outer casing, a power source management system, an X-ray fluorescent exciting and detecting system, a sample pretreatment system, an industrial control touch screen computer and a sample automatic rotating system, wherein the sample pretreatment system comprises a soil drying device, a mortar and a compaction device; the industrial control touch screen computer with built-in quantitative analyzing software comprises an industrial control touch screen and a main control circuit board; the X-ray fluorescent exciting and detecting system comprises a miniature X-ray tube, light filters and adetector; at least three light filters are automatically switched by a multi-light filter switching system according to different detected elements; a sample cup for containing a sample treated by thesample pretreatment system is arranged in a sample cavity, and is rotated by the sample automatic rotating system, and each part of the detected surface of the sample is uniformly radiated and detected by X-ray. The portable soil multi-heavy metal element quick detector has the advantages that the size is small, the weight is light, the carrying is convenient, the operation is simple, the consumption of consumables is avoided, and the secondary pollution is avoided.

The invention provides a mat grass good-quality and high-yield cultivation method, and relates to the technical field of commercial crop cultivation. The technology of two-stage seedling growth on upland fields and on watered beds is adopted, the one-stage seedling growth model following germination and seedling reservation through a stock plant traditionally is broken through, mat grass seedlings cultivated through two-stage seedlings growth are pure, breeding is strong, superior birth and care of the grass seedlings can be achieved fundamentally, serious degeneration can be prevented effectively, quality of the grass seedlings can be improved remarkably, and purification and rejuvenation of mat grass varieties can be achieved. Effective tillering and ineffective tillering are controlled. In the process of spring management, through soil drying and irrigating and topdressing in time, fast tillering of the mat grass can be promoted, the number of seedlings of the mat grass per mu can be within scientific and reasonable numerical range, good quality and high yield are benefited, birth periods and growing periods of effective grass and good-quality grass of the mat grass can be mastered accurately, effective cultivation and management measures can be taken in time, quick growth and good growth of the effective grass and the good-quality grass can be promoted, and breakthrough of core links of the mat grass good-quality and high-yield cultivation technology can be achieved.

The invention discloses an integrated soil remediation system with multiple repair modes. The integrated soil remediation system comprises a feeding module, a soil remediation module, a microbial remediation module, a transporting module, a soil drying module, a soil light repairing module and a discharging module; a discharge end of the feeding module is located above a feed port of the soil remediation module, and a discharge port of the soil remediation module is disposed above a feed port of the microbial remediation module; a discharge port of the microbial remediation module is disposedat a feed end of the transporting module, and a discharge end of the transporting module is located above a feed port of the soil drying module; and a discharge end of the soil drying module is located at a feed end of the discharging module, and the discharging module passes through an inner hollow cavity of the soil light repairing module. According to the integrated soil remediation system withthe multiple repair modes, a plurality of repair projects can be provided to enable the repair effect to be better and more thorough, the automation degree of the repair process is high, a large amount of manpower is not required, and a great deal of energy can be saved.

The invention provides a method for preventing and treating plant soil-borne diseases and cultivating anti-bacteria cultivation soil. The method comprises the steps that firstly, during the stubble-free period in spring and summer, soil in a greenhouse or a field is deep tilled and is smashed, haulm or other straw and quick lime are evenly scattered to the soil, the soil is tilled again and watered, the soil is pressed tightly after being covered with a plastic film, and then a shed is covered tightly or sunshine soil drying is carried out; secondly, microbial manure or organic compost containing beneficial bacteria is evenly applied to the soil, ditching and ridging are carried out, and plants are prepared to be planted. The method solves the problems that the soil is easily infected by the disease bacteria again after high-temperature shed covering or sunshine soil drying is carried out, and when the microbial manure or the organic compost containing the beneficial bacteria is applied, due to the fact that the number of indigenous microorganisms in the soil is large, the beneficial microorganisms guided by applying the bacterial manure or the organic compost containing the beneficial bacteria are generally not prone to colonization and cannot play a role.

The invention discloses a method for improving saline-alkali land. The method includes the steps of A, subjecting the saline-alkali land to deep ploughing, upturned-soil drying and leveling; B, subjecting the leveled saline-alkali land to salt elimination with underground pipes; C, after the underground pipes are laid, irrigating the saline-alkali land; D, applying a soil improver to the saline-alkali land after treatment. The steps A and D are performed once a year for 1-3 years continuously; with the method, soil salinity in the saline-alkali land can be reduced, soil nutrient is increased,and purposes of improving soil salinization, increasing grain output, enlarging vegetation coverage, alleviating ecological and environmental degradation and the like efficiently are achieved; the method is highly targeted, remarkable in effect and capable of being applied on a large scale.

The invention provides an apple tree old orchard transformation yield increasing method based on an existing orchard, and belongs to the technical field of fruit tree cultivation and management. Halfof aged trees are intermediately cut, deep tillage, sterilizing, soil drying in the sun and fertilization treatment is performed on soil, non-toxic seedlings are planted, old tree forms are trimmed, grafting is performed, so that the problems of high orchard reconstruction investment and long time are solved, replanting diseases are eliminated by related measures, and the problem of sharp economicbenefit decrease of orchard workers caused by orchard transformation is avoided.

The invention provides an organic planting method for loofah, belonging to the technical field of agriculture, and specifically relates to a planting method for the loofah. The invention provides the organic planting method for the loofah with little pesticide residue. The organic planting method for the loofah is characterized by comprising the following steps: 1, a manner of direct sowing or seedling transplanting of the loofah can be adopted, and no matter which manner is adopted, the better manner is to soak seeds and accelerate germination at first and then sow seeds; 2, nutrient and water management, wherein stem vines of the loofah have large growth amount, bear well and need a great amount of water and nutrients; 3, frame building, vine introducing and vine binding: timely building a frame after a second deep intertillage, wherein a shed frame, in general, is better to be adopted for varieties with long vines which grow vigorously and have strong branching capacity; 4, soil preparation and field planting: selecting soil with strong water-retaining capacity and high fertility for cultivation of the loofah, carrying out deep ploughing and soil drying under the sun before planting, and applying about 5000 kg of farmyard manure per mu; and 5, plant arrangement, wherein the loofah is a vining plant, so the frame is needed to be built for cultivation; generally, when the vines of the loofah have a length of 30 to 60 centimeters, the frame is needed to be built; and the form of the frame can be determined according to the varieties adopted for cultivation, plant growth capacity and branching conditions.

The invention discloses a high-capacity soil remediation system. The high-capacity soil remediation system comprises a feeding device, a soil remediation device, a soil drying device, a conveying device, a discharging device and a soil photocatalysis device. The discharging end of the feeding device is located above the feeding end of the soil remediation device. The discharging end of the soil remediation device is located above the feeding end of the soil drying device. The discharging end of the soil drying device is located above the feeding end of the conveying device. The feeding end ofthe conveying device is higher than the discharging end of the conveying device. The discharging end of the conveying device is located above the feeding end of the discharging device. The dischargingdevice penetrates through a cavity of the soil photocatalysis device. According to the high-capacity soil remediation system, various soil remediation functions can be achieved, the remediation effect is good, the degree of automation is high, and energy is saved.

The invention discloses a detecting device for measuring soil pH value. The detecting device comprises a shell, wherein an opening is formed at the upper end of the shell; three baffles are fixedly mounted in the shell; the shell is divided into four interlayers through the three baffles; the interlayers are respectively a soil drying layer, a mixing layer, a liquid-placing layer and a sundry layer from left to right; a moisture absorbing sheet is arranged at the bottom in the soil drying layer; a sealing block is arranged in the middle of the interior of the soil drying layer; the four sides of the sealing block resist against the inner wall of the soil drying layer; more than one heating sheet is fixedly mounted at the bottom of the sealing block; a fixing block is mounted at the upper end of the sealing block; a battery mounting groove is arranged in the fixing block; a storage battery is mounted in the battery mounting groove; and a control button is fixedly arranged on the left side of the fixing block. The detecting device for measuring soil pH value has the advantages of simple structure, convenience in use, portability, low economic cost, wide application scope, capability of quickly detecting the pH value of the soil and capability of causing the plants to grow more exuberantly.

The invention relates to a disc type soil drying device for a soil sample collecting and pre-processing device. Compared with the prior art, the defect that no soil drying device exists in the prior art is overcome. The disc type soil drying device is characterized in that a disc type base is fixedly arranged above a fixed disc; the disc type base is provided with a disc type drying mechanism through a thrust bearing; an axial center line of the disc type drying mechanism is coincided with an axial center line of a center shaft; a slotted hole position line is arranged on the circumference of the circle center of the disc type drying mechanism; a plurality of slotted holes are uniformly formed in the slotted hole position line; the slotted hole position line of the disc type drying mechanism is positioned under a blanking opening of a conveyor belt; a cover plate is fixedly arranged above the disc type drying mechanism and is fixedly arranged at the upper end of the center shaft; an inner ring of a slip-ring brush is fixedly arranged on the cover plate. According to the disc type soil drying device disclosed by the invention, drying operation can be carried out on soil, the original property of the soil cannot be damaged, the soil can be efficiently dried, the labor intensity of a worker can be reduced, and the labor production efficiency is increased.

The invention relates to the technical field of microbial detection, and provides a preprocessing method for a soil sample for detection of hydrocarbon oxidizing bacteria in oil and gas microbial exploration, wherein the method comprises the following steps: 1) placing field-collected soil into an opening breathable container, and sealing an opening of the container; and 2) carrying out constant-temperature air blasting of the breathable container sealed in the step 1), to make the soil in the container dry. A test result shows that the soil after being pretreated by the method is used for detection of the hydrocarbon oxidizing bacteria, and the result is similar to that of a conventional freezing method. The soil after drying is placed at room temperature for two weeks and then is detected, and a result is similar to that of a freshly dried sample. The results show that the method is an alternative method for conventional cryopreservation, and has high applicability in study of the hydrocarbon oxidizing bacteria in oil and gas microbial exploration.

A method for the automatic irrigation of plants, wherein the temporal progression of soil moisture is determined from measured soil moisture values, and said progression is used for the calculation of an optimized irrigation time duration, such that both water excess in the soil and soil drying are avoided as much as possible. Preferably, the time duration of irrigation is constantly evaluated and optimized using comparisons of measured values with prespecified moisture- and dryness threshold values (GWmoist, GWdry), and automatically adjusted to changing environmental conditions and / or plant requirements.

The invention discloses a crushing device for soil detection, relates to the field of soil crushing, and solves the problem of poor crushing effect of a soil crushing device in the prior art. The crushing device has the technical key points that the crushing device comprises a soil drying unit, a soil crushing unit and a screen, the soil drying unit is used for drying soil, and the soil drying unit is mounted in a shell; the soil crushing unit is used for crushing the soil dried by the soil drying unit, the soil crushing unit is fixedly connected into the shell, and the soil crushing unit is arranged below the soil drying unit; and the screen is used for screening the crushed soil, the screen is connected into the shell through a screen supporting unit, and the screen supporting unit is fixed to the four corners of the screen. The soil is dried in advance before being crushed, the soil crushing effect is improved, the soil is screened after being crushed, and the soil detection accuracy is improved.

The invention relates to a soil drying and screening device, in particular to a screening machine for town spoil sampling analysis. The screening machine for town spoil sampling analysis comprises a machine body, a feeding hopper is arranged on the top of the machine body, crushing rollers are symmetrically arranged on the lower part of the feeding hopper, an air cylinder is internally arranged onthe top of the machine body, a flow distributing plate is arranged at the output port of the air cylinder, supporting plates are fixedly connected with the inner wall of the machine body, the supporting plates are evenly connected with springs and straight rods, the straight rods are slidably connected with a filter plate, a vibration exciter is fixedly mounted at the center of the bottom of thefilter plate, a baffle and guiding plate are arranged on the right side of the filter plate, hot air tubes are evenly arranged below the supporting plate, a transmission belt is arranged below the hotair tubes, a collection hopper is arranged on the left side of the transmission belt, spray tubes are evenly and fixedly arranged on the side wall of the lower part of the collection hopper of the machine body. According to the screening machine for town spoil sampling analysis, a first screening is conducted through the vibration exciter driving the filter plate to shake, effective materials fall on the transmission belt, then a second winnowing is conducted through a electric hot air machine and the spray tubes, so that the screening effect of the device is good, and meanwhile the materialsfalling in a concentrating mode is convenient for the spray tubes screening by designing the collection hopper.

The invention belongs to the technical field of crop cultivation, and in particular relates to a crop rotation cultivation method for Winter rapes and Sweet-Waxy corn. The crop rotation cultivation method for the Winter rapes and the Sweet-Waxy corn comprises the following steps: step 1, preparing land and performing fertilization; step 2, planting the Winter rapes; step 3, performing management on the Winter rapes; step 4, planting the Sweet-Waxy corn: after the Winter rapes are harvested, planting the Sweet-Waxy corn in the middle and late June in a current year, before the Sweet-Waxy corn is planted, performing deep ploughing and soil drying on land, applying an organic fertilizer and a compound fertilizer, performing ridging, and performing mulching, wherein all operation is performedaccording to operation requirements of a technology of whole plastic-film mulching on double ridges and planting in furrows, and a planting density is 4500-4700 / mu; and step 5, performing managementon the Sweet-Waxy corn. The method provided by the invention makes full use of land resources, prevents waste of the resources, reasonably uses pesticides, and prevents environmental pollution; the method can ensure soil fertility, and a mulching film can guarantee a soil moisture content; and the method greatly improves a yield of the Winter rapes and the Sweet-Waxy corn, thereby improving economic income, and having great market application and promotion value.

The invention discloses a method for detecting polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in high-flux soil. The method comprises the following steps: 1) drying and extracting: drying to-be-detected soil, weighing 20 g of treated soil and adding the soil into a 250 ml brown glass bottle, adding 10 [mu]g of a 2-fluorobiphenyl substitute, adding 100 ml of a 1:1 n-hexane-acetone mixed solution, covering a cover, carrying out shaking and air discharging and putting the brown glass bottle filled with a reagent into a turnover oscillator, and carrying out overturning; 2) filtering and concentrating: pouring the sample into a funnel, collecting filtrate, cleaning a glass bottle, merging the cleaning solution into the filtrate, carrying out KD concentration, performing water bath at 80 DEG C, when the when extracting solution is 5ml, transferring to extracting solution a nitrogen blowing instrument for nitrogen blowing to 2ml, carrying out concentrating to 0.5 ml, adding 4[mu]l of internal standard solution, and fixing the volume to 1.0 ml for detection; and 3) carrying out GC-MS method detection. The method is rapid, economical and efficient, and can meet the detection requirements of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the large-flux soil.

The invention discloses a soil separation and detection system which comprises a soil block sampling module, a soil weighing and recording module, a soil slitting and crushing module, a soil tangent plane recording module, a soil drying module, a soil dissolving module, a heavy metal analysis module and a detection center. The detection system can record and separate the sampled soil sample and detect the separated soil sample, so that the accuracy of the soil detection result is improved; and the stereogram of the soil sample can be restored through data modeling, so that the detection resultof the soil sample can be conveniently and visually looked up.

The invention discloses an autonomous control method and device for rock-soil drying and wetting cyclic test. The method comprises the following steps that A) a test sample is placed in a pallet, and a power supply or switch is switched on; B) wetting and drying standing time and the cycle frequency are input to a meter panel of a time controller, the working temperature is set in a meter panel of a temperature controller, and the drying state water content, the wetting state water content and total weight of the sample are input to the meter panel of a water content controller; C) the water content controller monitors the water content of the sample in a baking over in real time; D) the temperature controller monitors and adjust the temperature in a work room dynamically; and E) a time controller controls the test process in a unified way, and the control device is not stopped automatically until the whole rock-soil drying and wetting cyclic test is completed. Time, temperature and water content control systems are integrated, rock-soil drying and wetting cyclic test is controlled automatically, operation is simple, test is more accurate, and a parallel test problem in the rock-soil drying and wetting cyclic test can be solved.

A planter having multiple growth chambers accessible by the root system of a plant disposed therein via the removal of one or more dividers and a method of use therefor is provided. The planter may further include a drainage system to remove excess water from the soil while keeping separate volumes of soil dry until being utilized by the plant being grown therein.

The invention discloses a pollution-free direct-seeding cultivation method of single late japonica rice. The method comprises the following steps that seed treatment is conducted; after preceding crops are harvested, 150 mL of paraquat and 45 kg of water are blended and applied to the field per mu for stubble removing and weeding, and base fertilizer application and soil preparation are conducted; seeding and closed weeding are conducted; weeding is conducted again when the rice is in the stage that two leaves and one terminal bud grow out and a person can stand on the ground of the rice field, and then irrigation is conducted; draining and soil drying in field are immediately conducted when 320-360 stem and tiller seedlings appear in the field per square meter; top dressing of a stem elongating and blossom promoting fertilizer is conducted when the remaining leaf primordium number of rice seedlings is 3.5; top dressing is conducted when the remaining leaf primordium number of a main stem is 1.5; panicle blast, rice false smut, banded sclerotial blight, rice planthoppers, rice leaf folder and borer pests are prevented and treated 10-15 days before the crevasse period and 3-5 days before the crevasse period. According to the pollution-free direct-seeding cultivation method of the single late japonica rice, seeding is conducted directly after soil preparation is conducted, rice seedling raising and seedling transplant are not needed, a large amount of labor is saved, and the labor seasonal tense contradiction is relieved; closed weeding is conducted after seeding is conducted, weeding is conducted again when the rice is in the stage that two leaves and one terminal bud grow out and the person can stand on the ground of the rice field, and the weeding efficiency is high.

The invention discloses a mobile soil quick dryer suitable for sticky soil. The mobile soil quick dryer comprises a machine body and a walking assembly disposed at the bottom of the machine body, andfurther comprises an auger conveying assembly disposed in front of the machine body, a second drying assembly disposed at the rear of the machine body and a first drying assembly disposed on the upperportion of the machine body. A first pulverizing device is disposed between the first drying assembly and the machine body, a second pulverizing device and a circuitous soil conveying assembly are disposed in the machine body, and the auger conveying assembly is located between the pulling direction of the machine body and an inlet of the first drying assembly. The mobile soil quick dryer is suitable for an area where the soil is sticky, the rainy season is long, and the mechanized rotary tillage ridging is difficult, and is particularly suitable for the seeding of seeds having the soil moisture requirement. The oil quick dryer achieves secondary quick drying of sticky and wet soil through two procedures, quickly evaporates the soil moisture to about 20%-25% of the content and has practical value for farming during the farming season, and the whole device is movable and convenient to use.

The invention relates to the field of garden electromechanical techniques, in particular to a bonsai soil maintenance operation platform. The potting soil maintenance operation platform comprises a rack, a translation device, a rotating device, hole insertion devices and an auxiliary device; the translation device is installed on the upper portion of a base plate and used for achieving radial linear motion of bonsai; the rotating device is installed in the middle of the position over the translation device and used for achieving circumferential rotating motion of the bonsai; the hole insertion devices are located in the rack, arranged in a bilateral symmetry mode and used for achieving soil loosening, fertilizing, watering and drying functions on the bonsai; the auxiliary device is located on the upper portion of the rack. According to the bonsai soil maintenance operation platform, the design idea of combining linear guide rails with a worm and a worm gear, the bonsai positions are regulated at will; by combining a crank-slider mechanism with needle tubes, the soil loosening, watering, fertilizing, PH value regulating and soil drying functions can be achieved, the labor cost is greatly reduced, and the production efficiency is improved.

The invention provides a water-saving irrigation method. The water-saving irrigation method comprises the following steps that 1, in the period of seedling establishment, the irrigation upper limit is 20 mm field surface water layer, and the rain storage upper limit is 35-50 mm filed surface water depth; 2, in the tillering stage, when the soil water-burying depth sandy soil is 60 mm, the loam soil is 80mm and the clay soil is 100 mm, the water irrigation layer is 10-20 mm; the rain storage upper limit is 70-85 mm field surface water depth; 3, in the elongation stage, when the soil water-burying depth sandy soil is 120 mm, the loam soil is 180 mm and the clay soil is 200 mm, the water irrigation layer is 10-20 mm; the rain storage upper limit is 180-200 mm field surface water depth; 4, in the ear growing period, when the soil water-burying depth sandy soil is 100 mm, the loam soil is 120 mm and the clay soil is 140 mm, the water irrigation layer is 10-20 mm; the rain storage upper limit is 220-250 mm field surface water depth; 5, in the period of heading to flowering, when the soil water-burying depth sandy soil is 70 mm, the loam soil is 90 mm and the clay soil is 110 mm, and the water irrigation layer is 10-20 mm; the rain storage upper limit is 110-140 mm field surface water depth; 6, in the yellow ripening stage, natural soil drying is allowed, and no water irrigation is conducted. The water-saving irrigation method is simple, practical and reliable, is easily grasped by farmers, and can be applied to large-scale production.

The invention relates to a runoff collecting and nitrogen-phosphorus monitoring system for a rice-wheat rotation system. The runoff collecting and nitrogen-phosphorus monitoring system comprises runoff tanks, collecting barrels, runoff pipes and grid covers, wherein water outlets (7) are formed in the bottoms of the runoff tanks; scales are formed on the walls of the runoff tanks to measure runoff volume roughly; a collecting barrel support (6) is arranged at the bottom of each runoff tank, and used for fixing the corresponding collecting barrel collecting runoff water when the runoff volume is relatively low; one end of each runoff pipe (4) is fixed in the runoff tank, and bent downwards to for conveniently collecting the runoff water; the other side of each runoff pipe is arranged in a rice-wheat rotation field; three water inlets are formed in each runoff pipe; each first water inlet is 5-7 cm higher than the rice field, used for collecting the runoff water during a rice season non-drying period, and covered during other periods; each second water inlet is flush with the surface of the rice field, used for collecting the runoff water during a rice planting soil drying period, and covered during other periods; each third water inlet is formed in the bottom of the corresponding runoff pipe, flush with a corresponding ditch bottom formed by ditching in a wheat season, and covered during other periods; the grid covers are arranged at the exteriors of the water inlets of the runoff tanks; the upper ends of the grid covers are opened; pebbles are paved in the grids.

The invention discloses a method for rapidly extracting and analyzing micro-plastics in soil based on a density separation method, which specifically comprises the following steps of: S1, extracting micro-plastics in soil: taking to-be-detected soil, drying the to-be-detected soil, then screening out particles with larger particle sizes, then adding the soil into an extracting solution, fully stirring to enable the micro-plastics to suspend in the extracting solution, and standing to layer the suspension liquid and the soil; and pouring out the suspension liquid, filtering the suspension liquid, collecting a filter cake, digesting the filter cake, and drying to obtain micro-plastics; and S2, analyzing the micro-plastics in the soil: observing the dried micro-plastics under a microscope, and judging the shape and color of the micro-plastics; and analyzing the functional peak of the micro-plastics by using a Fourier infrared spectrometer, and qualitatively determining the type of the micro-plastics according to a spectrogram. The method disclosed by the invention is wide in application, for example, the method can be used for qualitative detection of micro-plastics in farmlands. Instruments and equipment required by the method are simple to operate and easy to observe, and the method is a simple, convenient and rapid analysis method and has important significance on environment and food safety work.