The invention relates to a detection method and a kit for spinal muscular atrophy related gene mutation. The detection method comprises the following steps: extracting whole genome DNA of an object; carrying out PCR amplification on the obtained whole genome DNA by virtue of a PCR primer pair I, a PCR primer pair II, a PCR primer pair IIII and a PCR primer pair IV, so as to obtain a PCR amplification product; analyzing the obtained PCR amplification product, and judging whether four sites of spinal muscular atrophy related genes in the whole genome DNA of a to-be-detected sample. The kit comprises the PCR primer pair I, the PCR primer pair II, the PCR primer pair IIII and the PCR primer pair IV. The detection method and the kit have the beneficial effects that the design is smart, the sample is saved, meanwhile, three genes can be detected, the detection is rapid, accurate, simple and convenient, and a detection result can be taken as a reference basis of diagnosis, treatment and medication of physicians; the detection method and the kit are applicable to large-scale popularization and application.