The invention discloses a probe for detecting common genetic diseases, a
gene chip, a preparation method and application. The preparation method comprises the following steps of according to genes ofthalassemia, phenylketonuria,
spinal muscular atrophy, hepatolenticular degeneration, pseudomuscular hypertrophy,
glycogen storage
disease Type II, methylmalonic academia, methylmalonic aciduria-accompanied type
cysteine peptiduria Type cb1C, and oculocutaneous albinism Type 1, constructing a target capturing area, and designing a capturing probe, wherein the target capturing area comprises all
globin genes, important regulating areas, deleted
mutation breakpoints and SNP (
single nucleotide polymorphism) sites of alpha and beta genes, and SMN1, PAH, ATP7B, DMD, GAA, MUT, MMACHC and TYR genes.The probe for the
gene mutation of common genetic diseases can be designed according to the related genes of nine types of genetic diseases, and the prepared probe can be used for detecting the nine types of genetic diseases, and be suitable for large-scale
population diagnosis and screening.