The invention discloses a non-periodic component syllable model building and speech synthesizing method and device. The method includes the steps that according to a non-periodic component representative value, of each frame of each syllable in an original speech waveform file, on each piece of frequency band information obtained through dividing, a non-periodic component spectrum fitting curve, of each syllable, on the selected frequency band information is obtained through a discrete cosine transform method, and a non-periodic component syllable model including the non-periodic component spectrum fitting curves, of all the syllables of the original speech waveform file, on the different frequency band information is generated, so that the data information, including the frequency band number *syllable frame number, in the syllable model is converted into the fitting curves including the number of frequency bands, the scale of speech model building is downsized, the system resources are saved, meanwhile, the non-periodic component spectrum fitting curve of each syllable is built, the continuity among frames of the syllables is fully considered, the original tone quality of the syllables is kept through the fitting curves, and the quality of the synthetic speech is improved in the synthesis process.