The invention provides a vehicle ECU firmware flashing backup system which comprises an upper computer and a lower computer, and the lower computer comprises a first communication module used for being connected with the upper computer, a second communication module used for being connected with a server through a network, a CAN module and an OBD interface used for being connected with a vehicle ECU, a storage module and a control module. The first communication module is connected with the upper computer, the CAN module is connected with the OBD interface, and the control module is connected with the first communication module, the second communication module, the CAN module and the storage module. According to the invention, the networking capability and the storage capability are added to the lower computer, and on the basis, the lower computer can quickly acquire the ECU firmware and flash or back up the ECU firmware, so that frequent interaction between the upper computer and the lower computer is avoided, the efficiency and the stability are improved, and the method is suitable for a wireless scene and improves the user experience.