The invention relates to a group of specific primers and a method for identifying stiff silkworms, belonging to the technical field of identification of traditional Chinese medicines. According to themethod, after a stiff silkworm sample is crushed, the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in domestic silkworms and the DNA in fungi are extracted at the same time by using a CTAB method; the extracted DNA is taken as a template, specific nucleotide sequences, which are designed and screened, are used as primers for performing polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification, and the products are then subjected to agarose gel electrophoresis analysis and gel imaging system detection, so that the authenticity and adulteration of the stiff silkworms can be finally detected based on the detection results.The method provided by the invention can be used for judging whether the sample is a stiff silkworm fake product or adulterated product, is simple to operate, does not needing sequencing, is high in specificity, rapid and accurate, and has unique advantages and important application value in the authenticity identification of stiff silkworm samples.