The embodiment of the invention discloses a supervisible privacy protection cross-block chain system based on CP-ABE. The system comprises an initiating chain, an initiating chain route, a relay chain, a receiving chain route and a receiving chain. The initiating chain encrypts a to-be-cross-chain transaction through a preset cross-chain smart contract function supporting CP-ABE to obtain a cross-chain transaction, so that the cross-chain transaction has privacy in a cross-chain transmission process, and the relay chain generates a key and sends the key to a target user in the receiving chain. The receiving chain judges whether the target user successfully decrypts the format-converted cross-chain transaction through the key, and if so, the target user obtains the decrypted cross-chain transaction. Therefore, not all users on the receiving chain can obtain the cross-chain transaction, but only the cross-chain transaction after the format conversion is successfully decrypted can obtain the cross-chain transaction, user-level privacy protection on the cross-chain business is realized, inconvenience brought by multiple times of encryption is avoided, a supervisor participates in the relay chain in a simple manner, hierarchical data visibility is achieved, and the actual service scene is met.