The present invention relates to methods and compositions for use in modulating, including inhibiting the growth and / or reducing the
virulence of
gram-positive
bacteria. The present invention provides methods and compositions for disrupting the
cell wall and / or
cell membrane in
gram-positive
bacteria such that
cell wall or
cell membrane target(s) are rendered exposed or accessible and sensitive to a modulation thereof. Methods for modulation of one or more
gram-positive bacterial
cell wall or
cell membrane targets in a gram-positive
bacteria are provided comprising disrupting the
cell wall such that the
cell wall or
cell membrane target, which is particularly a
sortase, is rendered exposed or accessible and sensitive to a modifying, modulating or binding agent, which is particularly an
antibody or fragment thereof, wherein the cell wall or cell membrane target is inaccessible or relatively insensitive to the modifying, modulating or binding agent in the absence of cell wall disruption.