The invention belongs to the technical field of medical equipment and discloses a monitoring system and a method based on the linear relationship between intraocular pressure and intracranial pressure. The monitoring system comprises an information integration module, an intraocular pressure measurement module, a vital signs monitoring module, and a lumbar cistern pressure monitoring module. The intraocular pressure measuring module, the vital signs monitoring module, and the lumbar cistern pressure monitoring module are mutually independently connected with the information integrating moduleand do not affect each other. The vital sign monitoring module comprises an electrocardiogram monitoring unit, an invasive artery pressure monitoring unit and a dual-frequency electroencephalogram monitoring unit. The data are integrated through an information integration module for information display, information storage and integration with the information. Based on the linear relationship between intraocular pressure (IOP) and intracranial pressure (ICP), the system indirectly reflects the change of ICP by measuring IOP, and provides an effective non-invasive monitoring method for ICP during general anesthesia.