67 results about "Network Abstraction Layer" patented technology

In a video decoder having a picture skip function, the video decoder may obtain reference information from a network abstraction layer (NAL) unit, and upon receipt of a skip command, skips frames / pictures from where a non-reference frame / picture begins. The video decoder may execute a picture skip function, either at a fast speed or at a normal speed, according to the skip mode.

System flexibility and ease-of-design is greatly enhanced by using a multicore abstraction layer (MCAL) to interface between a multicore hardware platform, a device operating system and the packet transfer functions of the system. Systems and techniques are described for processing a data packet received at a network interface of a network infrastructure device (such as a wireless switch) or other computing system, particularly using multi-core processors. A classification handler initially classifies the data packet. A plurality of protocol handlers each associated with a data protocol processes the data packet if the classification of the data packet matches the data protocol associated with the protocol handler, and one of several application handlers each associated with a user applications processes the data packet if the classification of the data packet matches the user application associated with the application handler. The MCAL is configured to send the data packet to the classification handler after the packet is initially received, and to subsequently direct the packet toward one of the protocol or application handlers in response to the classification of the data packet. MCAL further contains a set of the containers for handlers. Real application, protocol and classification handlers register with MCAL and are modules developed outside of the MCAL.

An architecture and method that enables communication between applications and peripheral devices through use of network-type messaging. The architecture is exemplified by a machine having a mainboard that includes memory and one or more processors. The mainboard also includes one or more expansion slots for receiving various peripheral device cards. The processor(s) is enabled to communicate with peripheral devices via an internet network that includes network interfaces for both the processor and each of the peripheral devices. The network interfaces include a network port and a network address that is bound to the network port by means of a network socket. Socket application program interface (API) and network abstraction layers are provided by software means to enable applications to communicate with the peripheral devices using network messaging and protocols, such as TCP / IP over an Ethernet.

An apparatus encodes a video signal for providing a scalable video coded (SVC) signal comprising a base layer video coded signal and an enhancement layer video coded signal, wherein the base layer video coded signal has more random access points, e.g., Instantaneous Decoder Refresh (IDR) slices, than the enhancement layer and in those access units where the enhancement layer has an IDR slice, the base layer has a non-IDR slice. Transmission of the SVC occurs in packet form using the Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP) such that non-random access point slices are conveyed in Simple Time Aggregation Packets (STAP), each Simple Time Aggregation Packet comprising a Payload Content Scalability Information (PACSI) Network Abstraction Layer (NAL) Unit.

A method for protecting multimedia data encoded by the H.264 standard, the data being encapsulated in a structure of the network abstraction layer or NAL type, characterized in that the user inserts at least one redundancy NAL containing the error-correcting code used for transmitting the data.

A system for reducing storage requirements for content-adaptive binary arithmetic coding (CABAC) is provided. The system includes a transcode engine performing CABAC on a video data stream. The transcode engine receives save data, stops CABAC, and converts the video data stream into sub-network abstraction layer (NAL) unit state data. An entropy state data storage system receiving the sub-NAL unit state data and stores the sub-NAL unit state data. The transcode engine subsequently receives restore data, extracts the sub-NAL unit state data from the entropy state data storage system, and re-starts CABAC on the video stream data.

A method and apparatus for transmitting a multimedia data packet are provided. The method includes receiving Bottom-up Network Abstraction Layer (B-NAL) information from a network entity, generating Top-down Network Abstraction Layer (T-NAL) information on the multimedia data to be transmitted, generating a multimedia data packet containing said T-NAL information, and transmitting the multimedia data packet generated in the previous process, to the network entity, in consideration of said B-NAL information.

A method of operation of a video coding system includes: receiving a video bitstream as a serial bitstream; extracting a video syntax from the video bitstream; extracting a low delay flag, a network abstraction layer (NAL) hypothetical reference decode (HRD) parameters present flag, and a video coding layer (VCL) HRD parameters present flag from the video syntax extracting a HRD syntax from the video bitstream based on the low delay flag, the NAL HRD parameters present flag, and the VCL HRD parameters present flag; extracting a temporal layer from the video bitstream based on the video syntax having the HRD syntax; and forming a video stream based on the temporal layer for displaying on a device.

Systems and methods for error handling are disclosed. The systems and methods may be utilized for single or multiple processor computer systems to handle errors in a coordinated manner between hardware and any firmware or software layers. A computer system includes a non volatile memory and at least one processor. A firmware error handling routine is stored on the non volatile memory. The firmware error handling routine is for handling errors. Each of the at least one processors detects errors. Each processor executes the firmware error handling routine on detecting an error. The executed firmware error handling routine handles the error. The executed firmware error handling routine also logs error information to a log.The systems and methods provide for coordinated error handling that enhance error recovery, provide error containment and maintain system availability.

The invention discloses a method for processing packet loss in an international protocol television (IPTV) system, comprising the following steps: analyzing network abstraction layer (NAL) head and Slice head data of media data to be sent, and confirming order of precedence of data packets in the media data to be sent; acquiring the result information returned by a client-side in accordance with the received media data, wherein the result information at least comprises data loss information of the media data received by the client-side; according to the data loss information, determining the congestion level of the current transmission network; and according to the congestion level of the current transmission network and the order of the precedence of the data packets, combining with preset packet loss strategies to process the packet loss. The invention discloses a stream media server and a system for processing packet loss in an IPTV system. By judging the congestion level of the network and combining with the preset packet loss strategies, the data packets are abandoned selectively and actively. The problem that decoding can not be performed so as to seriously influence the decoding quality of information destination ends because key data packets in the media data are abandoned at random can be avoided.

Systems and methods are provided which allow receivers to recover the decoding order of network abstraction layer (NAL) units conveyed in different Real Time Protocol (RTP) sessions. An indication of decoding order for application data units (ADUs) in each packet is included in the packet structure of a PACSI NAL unit, when the PACSI NAL unit is a single-time aggregation packet type A (STAP-A) packet and the PACSI NAL unit is the first NAL unit in an aggregation packet (e.g., when a receiver is subscribed to different RTP session that convey NAL units). If the receiver is subscribed to only a base layer RTP session, the CL-DON indication can be ignored.

A decoder provided according to an aspect of the present invention determines a type of each network abstraction layer (NAL) unit, and discards a NAL unit when the size of the NAL unit is inconsistent with the size according to the determined type. According to another aspect, a decoder corrects for errors in the non-pay load portions and uses the corrected non-pay load portions to recover the original data contained in the payload portions of the data stream. In an embodiment, various global parameters (which are applicable to the data stream unless changed further in the data stream) and the values in the slice headers are examined to correct the parameters in the slice headers. According to one more aspect, an end of frame is reliably detected by using an expected number of macro-blocks in a frame and a set of logical conditions of slice header parameters.

A source-channel combined coding method including: determining whether a channel signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is varied or not; when it is determined that the channel SNR is varied, selecting a MODCOD suitable for the channel SNR by referring to a first table defining an SNR threshold value at which data transmission is performed without an error, for each MODCOD designating a low density parity check (LDPC) code rate and a modulation scheme; calculating a source coding rate by using an effective information bit rate of the selected MODCOD; extracting network abstraction layer (NAL) units for each layer from an inputted video frame so as to satisfy the calculated source coding rate, and packetizing the extracted NAL units; binding packets to configure a baseband (BB) frame; and LDPC coding and modulating the BB frame through the code rate and the modulation scheme which are designated by the selected MODCOD.

The invention relates to a piracy tracing watermarking method applicable to streaming media environment, and belongs to the multimedia information safety field. The method comprises the following steps: firstly segmenting video before the watermark embedding procedure; according to content of streaming video, selecting macroblocks meeting the conditions to be embedded with watermarks during the watermark embedding process; and determining the macroblock which is best suited for being embedding with watermark information by adopting a quicksort algorithm. In the piracy tracing watermarking method, based on difference between horizontal direction and vertical direction of motion vector of the macroblock, appropriate motion components are adaptively selected to be embedded with 2-bit watermark information, and the NAL (network abstraction layer) head of a B-frame is modified after the watermark embedding procedure so that the watermark can cope with the situations such as frame loss and the like resulting from network transmission. By adopting the piracy tracing watermarking method, the watermark information can be embedded into the streaming video in real time so as to achieve the purpose of piracy tracing.

Systems, gateway computers, and methods for using a gateway abstraction layer and application platform interfaces for conducting service transactions are disclosed. A gateway abstraction layer computers can receive service requests in multiple message formats or communication protocols, transform those service requests into other message formats to process the service using one or more networks or third-party service providers. The results of the service request can then be translated back to the message format in which the original service request was received. The gateway abstraction layer can be maintained using update messages received from service providers.

Disclosed is a system and method for encryption of a scalable video coding (SVC) bitstream, which is the next-generation coding technology. The encryption method encrypts Network Abstraction Layer (NAL) data identified according to multidimensional scalability for space, time, and quality with respect to a bitstream created after an SVC encoding, thereby providing a multidimensional scalability function for space, time, and quality even after the encryption, so that the scalability is also maintained even in a bitstream extraction process after the encryption. According to such a scalable encryption method, a specific portion of an encrypted bitstream is removed in a bitstream extraction process, and user access to the bitstream is limited based on a combination of keys for accessing a specific scalability. Therefore, it is possible to protect scalable video content and to access the video content based on scalabilities.

A stagger transmitter manipulates the Type of Service (TOS) information contained in packets transmitted therefrom. Downstream network devices, such as a network Multiplexer (MUX), use the TOS information to handle the packets. A MUX controls the bandwidth allocated to each of the original and staggered streams in accordance with the TOS information. The stagger transmitter manipulates the TOS information of packets in accordance with other information contained in the packets, such as Network Abstraction Layer (NAL) information. As such, the staggered stream copies of more important packets, as indicated by their NAL information, can have their TOS information set by the stagger transmitter so that a network MUX will forward such staggered packets in addition to the original packets, thereby providing redundancy and error protection for such packets.

Advanced multiplexing methods and apparatus that are especially useful in multiplexing variable bit rate input video streams onto a fixed bandwidth output stream with minimum effect on video quality are described. A multiplexer provides feedback to a stagger transmitter to help it maintain its output bit rate. In addition, the stagger transmitter parses Network Abstraction Layers (NALs) from the given streams and makes decisions on which NALs to forward to the MUX.

Provided are a method for determining the packet type for a Scalable Video Coded (SVC) video bitstream, and a Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP) packetizing apparatus and method using the same. The method for determining a packet type for a Scalable Video Coded (SVC) video bitstream, which includes the steps of: a) deriving temporal and spatial hierarchy information between Network Abstraction Layer (NAL) units from field information defined in the NAL unit headers of scalable layers; b) detecting the type of encoding information by applying combined scalability encoding to the hierarchical structure of the Scalable Video Coding (SVC); and c) determining a Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP) packet type for the corresponding SVC video bitstream by using the derived temporal and spatial hierarchy information between the NAL units and the detected type of encoding information.

The invention discloses an NAL (network abstraction layer) module of a video codec, and the NAL module provided by the invention comprises a data selection function block, a code stream splicing function block, a split function block, an insert function block and a code stream combination function block, wherein the data selection function block is used for controlling data output; the code stream splicing function block is used for splicing the code streams output by the data selection function block; the split function block is used for splitting the code streams output by the code stream splicing function block; the insert function block is used for judging whether to insert bytes and carry out processing according to the judging result; and the code stream combination function block is used for splicing the results output by the insert function block. According to the invention, the efficiency of hardware design can be improved.

The invention concerns a method of transmitting video data comprising information bits (201), a video processing unit (10, 20, 40) with a control unit (12, 22, 42) for sending and / or receiving such video data, and a computer program product for the execution of said method. The method comprises the application of a systematic channel encoding (202) on the information bits (201) of the video data and obtaining a sequence comprising the encoded information bits (203) and error correction bits (204, 403) of the information bits (201). For transmission to another video processing unit (10, 20, 40), the encoded information bits (203) and the error correction bits (204, 403) are inserted into a primary coded picture network abstraction layer (205, 401) and a redundant coded picture network abstraction layer (206, 402), respectively. At the other video processing unit (10, 20, 40), the error correction bits (204, 403) in the redundant coded picture network abstraction layer (206, 402) are used for detecting (404) and correcting (405) errors in the received primary coded picture network abstraction layer (205, 401) and for performing the video decoding (407) of the corrected primary coded picture network abstraction layer (406).

A demultiplexer may assemble view components of sub-bitstreams. In one example, an apparatus comprises a demultiplexer that produces a multiview video coding (MVC) standard compliant bitstream from a received bitstream comprising a primary sub-bitstream and an embedded sub-bitstream. To produce the MVC standard compliant bitstream, the demultiplexer determines whether a view component of the primary sub-bitstream has a view order index that is greater than a view order index of a view component of the embedded sub-bitstream, and to add the view component from the sub-bitstream for which the view order index is lower to the produced bitstream. The received bitstream may comprise delimiter network abstraction layer (NAL) units between each view component to differentiate the view components. The apparatus may further comprise a video decoder to decode the bitstream produced by the demultiplexer.

An encoding system includes a video coding layer (VCL) to generate slices when encoding multimedia data, a generic adaptation layer (GAL) to create, from the slices, a set of GAL units having a format that is generic to various transport systems, and a network adaptation layer (NAL) associated with a specific transport system to map the set of GAL units to the format of the specific transport system.

A stagger transmitter manipulates the Type of Service (TOS) information contained in packets transmitted therefrom. Downstream network devices, such as a network Multiplexer (MUX), use the TOS information to handle the packets. A MUX controls the bandwidth allocated to each of the original and staggered streams in accordance with the TOS information. The stagger transmitter manipulates the TOS information of packets in accordance with other information contained in the packets, such as Network Abstraction Layer (NAL) information. As such, the staggered stream copies of more important packets, as indicated by their NAL information, can have their TOS information set by the stagger transmitter so that a network MUX will forward such staggered packets in addition to the original packets, thereby providing redundancy and error protection for such packets.

Systems and methods are provided which allow receivers to recover the decoding order of network abstraction layer (NAL) units conveyed in different Real Time Protocol (RTP) sessions. An indication of decoding order for application data units (ADUs) in each packet is included in the packet structure of a PACSI NAL unit, when the PACSI NAL unit is a single-time aggregation packet type A (STAP-A) packet and the PACSI NAL unit is the first NAL unit in an aggregation packet (e.g., when a receiver is subscribed to different RTP session that convey NAL units). If the receiver is subscribed to only a base layer RTP session, the CL-DON indication can be ignored.

The invention concerns a method of transmitting video data comprising information bits (201), a video processing unit (10, 20, 40) with a control unit (12, 22, 42) for sending and / or receiving such video data, and a computer program product for the execution of said method. The method comprises the application of a systematic channel encoding (202) on the information bits (201) of the video data and obtaining a sequence comprising the encoded information bits (203) and error correction bits (204, 403) of the information bits (201). For transmission to another video processing unit (10, 20, 40), the encoded information bits (203) and the error correction bits (204, 403) are inserted into a primary coded picture network abstraction layer (205, 401) and a redundant coded picture network abstraction layer (206, 402), respectively. At the other video processing unit (10, 20, 40), the error correction bits (204, 403) in the redundant coded picture network abstraction layer (206, 402) are used for detecting (404) and correcting (405) errors in the received primary coded picture network abstraction layer (205, 401) and for performing the video decoding (407) of the corrected primary coded picture network abstraction layer (406).