A power carrier communication method includes the following steps: an information acquisition step, a synchronization status message step, an information processing step and a communication step, wherein in the information acquisition step, a physical layer receives a pilot frequency signal to obtain channel status messages; in the synchronization status message step, the physical layer and a data transmission control layer synchronize the channel status messages; in the information processing step, a required data packet capable of communicating is obtained according to the channel status messages; and in the communication step, a time period is occupied in turn to transmit the required data packet capable of communicating. The method and the device realize the layer optimization of power carrier communication, effectively promote the mutual cognition, mutual coordination and interaction between the physical layer and a data transmission control layer, achieve the high efficiency and the reliability of data transmission, and are beneficial to transmitting high-speed data, voice, images and other multimedia business signals in a power grid.