16 results about "Scalar quantization" patented technology

The invention discloses a lightweight lossless audio encoding and decoding method and system, and belongs to the technical field of audio signal processing. The method comprises the following steps: converting an original audio waveform into a compact coding expression through an encoder formed by connecting a TConv unit, a convolution unit, a down-sampling unit and a Local-Transform unit in series; a single finite scalar quantizer is adopted to discretize the coded representation, and a mixed quantization strategy is introduced to generate a single and consistent discrete token stream; and finally, a high-fidelity audio waveform is reconstructed through a decoder formed by connecting a Local-Transform unit, a TEConv unit, an up-sampling unit and an audio recovery unit in series. Through unit structure optimization and joint loss function training, indexes such as SDR, PESQ, STOI, WER and the like under multiple different code rates are all superior to those of a baseline model, model parameters are only 10.31-11.29 M, collaboration of lightweight deployment and high-fidelity reconstruction is achieved, resource-constrained equipment is adapted to downstream scenes such as voice communication, ASR and the like, and good engineering practicability is achieved.

The invention belongs to the technical field of communication, and particularly relates to a semantic communication method combining variable length coding and constellation probabilistic shaping, which comprises the following steps of: firstly, constructing a semantic encoder based on a mask auto-encoder framework, and designing a mask rate control function through channel state information and information source characteristics so as to dynamically adjust an information source mask rate; a self-adaptive variable-length coding mechanism is realized; according to the obtained mask rate, sampling a non-masked information source unit by adopting a maximum entropy criterion so as to reserve the information amount of the information source to the maximum extent; the constellation point optimal probability is shaped and approximated to discrete two-dimensional Gaussian distribution, and an end-to-end optimization target is deduced based on variational inference; semantic feature coding distribution is constrained through layer normalization operation to approximate Gaussian prior, so that an objective function is effectively simplified; and finally, designing a quantization modulator of semantic feature-constellation point identical distribution mapping based on finite scalar quantization, and adopting a gradient straight-through estimator to solve the non-differentiable problem of the quantization process, and finally realizing end-to-end joint optimization of the system.

In order to significantly reduce communication resource consumption in a wireless cooperative positioning system, the invention provides a low communication overhead position measurement and resource scheduling method, and relates to the technical field of wireless communication and positioning. The method comprises the following steps: modeling a positioning network into a directed graph; and then, dynamically evaluating the link quality by using a graph attention mechanism and calculating a communication weight between nodes, thereby realizing intelligent resource scheduling oriented to a high-quality link. Meanwhile, a shared scalar quantization codebook is designed, and a high-dimensional node state vector is compressed into a low-bit code word index for transmission, so that the communication data volume is greatly reduced. Simulation and hardware prototype experiments show that the communication overhead in the cooperative positioning process can be reduced by about 60% on the premise of keeping high positioning precision, and the problem of expansibility of high-precision positioning in a resource-limited wireless network is effectively solved.

A method and apparatus for video encoding or decoding is provided. In a method using dependent scalar quantization, the selection of a quantizer depends on the decoding of a preceding transform coefficient, and the entropy decoding of the transform coefficient depends on the selection of the quantizer. To maintain high throughput in a hardware implementation of transform coefficient entropy coding, several scalar quantizer decision schemes are proposed, in which the state transition and context model selection are based solely on the normal coding bins. For example, the state transition is based solely on the sum of the SIG, gt1, and gt2 flags, the exclusive-OR function of the SIG, gt1, and gt2 flags, or the gt1 or gt2 flags. When a block of transform coefficients is coded, the normal mode bins are coded first with one or more scan paths, and the remaining bypass coded bins are grouped with another one or more scan paths.

This document describes a Wireless Transmit / Receive Unit (WTRU). The WTRU can receive one or more reference signals and determine Channel State Information (CSI) based on the one or more reference signals. The WTRU can determine a potential vector based on compression of the CSI and perform vector quantization of the vector over multiple sets of vector quantization codebooks. The WTRU can select (1) a set of vector quantization codebooks from the multiple sets of vector quantization codebooks and (2) the number of bits used for scalar quantization based on either a CSI feedback size or a reconstruction performance criterion. The WTRU can transmit report information indicating the set of vector quantization codebooks and the quantized compressed CSI associated with the set of vector quantization codebooks.

When dependent scalar quantization is used, the choice of the quantizer depends on the decoding of the preceding transform coefficient, and the entropy decoding of a transform coefficient depends on quantizer choice. To maintain high throughput in hardware implementations for transform coefficient entropy coding, several decision schemes of the scaler quantizer are proposed. In one implementation, the state transition and the context model selection are based on only regular coded bins. For example, the state transition can be based on the sum of the SIG, gt1 and gt2 flags, the exclusive-or function of the SIG, gt1 and gt2 flags, or based on only the gt1 or gt2 flag. When a block of transform coefficients is coded, the regular mode bins can be coded first in one or more scan passes, and the remaining bypass coded bins are grouped together in another one or more scan passes.

There are described techniques for encoding and decoding audio signals. A decoder, configured to generate an audio signal from a coded signal representing the audio signal, may include: a coded signal reader, configured to read the coded signal, thereby providing a plurality of indexes; a scalar dequantization module, including: a plurality of quantization index converters, each quantization index converter being configured to convert an index of the plurality of indexes onto a corresponding latent scalar value, so that a plurality of latent scalar values form a first latent audio signal representation of the audio signal; and a first learnable section to provide a second latent representation from the first latent audio signal representation; a second learnable section including at least one learnable layer and configured to generate the audio signal from the second latent audio signal representation.

Encoding at least one unit quaternion representing a rotation matrix used for coding a multichannel signal represented by an input point on a 4-dimensional sphere by encoding 3 spherical coordinates of the input point. The method includes sequential scalar quantization of the 3 spherical coordinates in order to obtain at most 4 candidates at the end of the sequential scalar quantization of the 3 coordinates; selecting the best candidate which minimizes a distance between the input point and the at most 4 candidates; determining the separate quantization indices resulting from the sequential scalar quantization of the spherical coordinates of the best candidate; determining a global quantization index by adding at least one item of cardinality information to the quantization index of a spherical coordinate; and coding of the global quantization index of said best candidate. A corresponding decoding method, an encoding device and a decoding device are also provided.

According to one aspect of the present disclosure, a method is provided, in an apparatus, the method comprising the steps of: obtaining a quantized channel estimate for at least a subset of channel estimates by quantizing the channel estimate using scalar quantization, wherein the channel estimate is obtained for channel state information reference symbols (CSI-RS) transmitted across a plurality of transmission antenna ports; and transmitting channel state information (CSI) based on the quantized channel estimate.

The invention is suitable for the technical field of audio data processing, provides a wireless microphone audio processing method and a related device, and realizes lower delay, high stability and sound quality output acceptable to human ears for audio signals. The method is applied to a wireless audio processing system comprising a wireless microphone and wireless receiving equipment, and comprises the following steps: the wireless microphone performs feature extraction of self-adaptive dynamic framing on an original audio signal, performs weight adjustment according to a preset psychological acoustic model, and adopts finite scalar quantization mapping to obtain discrete symbols; performing context sensing entropy coding according to the characteristic sequence dependency relationship of each audio symbol in the discrete audio symbol set to obtain an audio coding stream, and transmitting the audio coding stream to wireless receiving equipment; and the wireless receiving equipment decodes and complements the audio coding stream, and synthesizes a target audio feature according to the scalar value of the complemented discrete audio symbol set and the adjusted audio weight value.

Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. In some cases, a first wireless device may use one or more reference signals to estimate a channel and generate a set of quantized bits representative of the estimated channel, where the quantization of the set of quantized bits is in accordance with a non-uniform CSI codebook that is associated with one or more spiral shapes and generated using one or more functions in accordance with the or more parameter values. The one or more parameter values may be selected by the first wireless device. Additionally, the first wireless device may transmit a report indicative of a set of quantized bits, where the set of quantized bits are quantized in accordance with the non-uniform CSI codebook, and further indicative of the one or more parameter values selected by the first wireless device.

According to an aspect of the disclosure there is provided a method, in an apparatus, the method including: for each at least a subset of channel estimates, obtain a respective quantized channel estimate by quantizing the channel estimate using scalar quantization; wherein the channel estimates are obtained on channel state information reference symbols (CSI-RS) transmitted on a plurality of transmit antenna ports; and transmitting channel state information (CSI) based on the quantized channel estimates.

Provided are an encoding method, an encoding device, a decoding method, and a decoding device using a scalar quantization and a vector quantization. The encoding method includes converting an input signal of a time domain into a frequency domain, generating a first residual signal from an input signal of a frequency domain by using a scale factor, performing a scalar quantization of the first residual signal, generating a second residual signal from the scalar-quantized first residual signal, performing a lossless encoding of the scalar-quantized first residual signal, performing a vector quantization of the second residual signal, and transmitting a bitstream including the lossless-encoded first residual signal and the vector-quantized second residual signal.

An apparatus comprising means for: receiving, from a network node, at least one ref- erence signal; determining at least one latent vector based on target Channel State Information acquired from the at least one reference signal and a history-independ- ent CSI encoder; using the at least one latent vector to provide an input into a his- tory-dependent recurrent quantizer to provide a quantized output; calculating a mean squared error between the input and the quantized output; comparing the mean squared error to a threshold level; based on the comparing, determining to op- erate in a irst mode, wherein in the irst mode, the apparatus performs: determining at least one further latent vector based on target Channel State Information acquired from the at least one reference signal and the history-independent CSI encoder; us- ing the at least one further latent vector to provide an input into a scalar quantizer to provide a full-resolution quantization output; sending the full-resolution quantiza- tion output to the network node.

Techniques for encoding and decoding audio signals are described. A decoder (10) configured to generate an audio signal (16) from an encoded signal (3) representing the audio signal may comprise: an encoded signal reader (560) configured to read the encoded signal (3), thereby providing a plurality of indices (556); a scalar dequantization module (500) comprising: a plurality of quantization index converters (355), each quantization index converter (555) configured to convert an index (556) of the plurality of indexes to a corresponding potential scalar value (551) such that the plurality of potential scalar values (551) form a first potential audio signal representation (550) of the audio signal; and a first learnable section (540) for providing a second potential representation (530) from the first potential audio signal representation (550); a second learnable section (520) comprising at least one learnable layer and configured to generate an audio signal (16) from a second potential audio signal representation (530).

According to an aspect of the disclosure there is provided a method, in an apparatus, the method including: for each at least a subset of channel estimates, obtain a respective quantized channel estimate by quantizing the channel estimate using scalar quantization; wherein the channel estimates are obtained on channel state information reference symbols (CSI-RS) transmitted on a plurality of transmit antenna ports; and transmitting channel state information (CSI) based on the quantized channel estimates.